Which Country Is The Most Overworked?
哪个国家的人工作时间最长？

Jeb Bush, a Republican candidate for US president told reporters that Americans need to work longer hours so that the country can be more productive.
来自共和党的总统候选人杰布·布什近日告诉记者，美国人必须工作更长时间以提高国家的生产力。
This is why they considered it a political gaffe, because most Americans think themselves extremely hardworking.
这被认为是政治上的一派胡言。因为大部分美国人都认为自己十分勤奋。
But compared to other countries, how does America actually stack up?
但与其他国家相比，美国人累计的工作时间究竟算不算长呢？
What country is the most overworked?
哪个国家的工作时间最长呢？

Well, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development calculates average work hours for full timers and part-timers minus holidays.
经济合作与发展组织计算了除去休假后全职与兼职工作人员工作时间平均值。
Compared to other highly industrialized nations, the United States has one of the longest average workweeks at 34.4 hours per week.
与其他高度工业化国家相比，美国拥有长达34.4的每周工时，是这些国家中最长的之一。
The US puts in fewer hours than countries like Korea Israel and Iceland, but longer hours compared to the United Kingdom and France.
美国的每周工作时间虽比韩国、以色列和冰岛要短，但比英国和法国要长。
Japanese workers reported the average 33.3 hours per week, however this figure is skewed because many Japanese workers put in a lot of undocumented overtime.
日本的上班族平均每周工作33.3小时，然而这个数据是有误导性的。因为日本的上班族有大量的时间花在了下班后的应酬上。
In fact, the Japanese even have the word for working oneself to death-Karoshi.
事实上，日本人甚至发明了过劳死这个词用以形容工作过度而死。
Official data suggest that every year 200 Japanese citizens died this way.
官方数据显示日本每年有200人以这种方式结束生命。
Experts point out that Asian countries consistently put in the longest hours worldwide.
专家表示亚洲国家普遍拥有世界范围内较高的工时。
Chinese workers may average 38 to 42 hours per week and in Bangladesh, the BBC reports that workers regularly labor for 19 hour-long shifts.
中国的职员们平均每周工作38至42小时。根据BBC的报道，孟加拉国的工人经常需要连续工作19小时。
On the opposite side of rankings, many European countries have extremely short work week.
在排名的另一方面，许多欧洲国家的工作周则十分短。
Sweden works about 31 hour weeks, France works about 29 and Germany works the least at just 26.5 hours per week.
瑞典人每周工作约31小时，法国人则是29小时，而德国人最少，每周仅工作26.5小时。
Compared to the US, the UK works about two hours less, and enjoys many more vacation days.
与美国相比，英国人每周要少工作两小时并且能够有更多的休假天数。
So, with all the hours worked, is the US more productive than other westernized nations? Well, not necessarily.
那么既然大家工作这么长时间，美国人是不是就比其他西方国家的人更有工作效率呢？这可不一定。
The trade-off between work hours and productivity is still a topic of debate and research.
工作时间与工作效率的权衡关系仍然是讨论研究的话题。
According to several studies, increased work hours tend to have an adverse effect on productivity.
根据几份研究报告显示，更长的工作时间往往对工作效率起不利影响。
But for manual labor jobs in regions like Latin America and Asia, worker rights tend to be weakly regulated.
然而在拉丁美洲和亚洲地区从事体力劳动的工人，他们的权益往往不能得到很好的管控。
Thus, long hours and unpaid overtime are unfortunately the norm.
因而长时间工作，无薪加班的不幸常有发生。
However, work weeks in general, especially for developed countries have been getting shorter in modern times.
然而，一个工作周的长度尤其是在发达国家，自近现代以来呈现缩短的趋势。
According to the Economic History Association, around the turn of the 20th century, people used to work 3000 hours per year, compared to about 1800 hours now.
据经济历史组织表示，19世纪与20世纪之交的时候，人们大约每年要工作3000小时，而对比现在的这个数值则是1800小时。
Despite Jeb Bush's plans, America will most likely follow the shortening work week trend.
尽管杰布·布什有着那样的计划，美国人工作时间变得更短是大势所趋。
Now do both genders get paid equally for their work?
现在男人与女人在工资问题上能否得到平等的对待？
Find out in a video about the gender pay gap.
请在这个讲述性别收入差的视频中了解更多。
Across both male and female dominated fields, including science, math, healthcare and education. The wage gap persists.
在男女共同主导的领域，包括科学研究、数学、医疗以及教育，收入的差异仍然存在。
The AAUW also found that even women with the same level of education make 82% of what their male counterparts make.
美国大学女性协会同时指出，女性只能获得同等学历的男性同事82%的收入。
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