(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
In Japan, married couples must have the same last name — which means in most cases, women take their husband's surname.
在日本，已婚夫妇必须同姓—这意味着在大多数情况下，女方要跟着丈夫姓。
In 2011, a few women tried to challenge the 1896 law. But on Wednesday, Japan's supreme court ruled on the case, and it didn't budge.
在2011年，一些妇女试图挑战1896年制定的法律。但上星期三，日本最高法院就此案件进行裁决，并没有动摇。
Japan isn't the only country that upholds an older law deciding the fate of a woman's surname. Greece, France and Italy have laws opposite of Japan's — they make it illegal for women to take their husband's last name.
日本并不是唯一维护旧法决定妇女姓氏命运的国家，希腊、法国和意大利的法律与日本相反，妇女与丈夫同姓是非法的。
Opponents see the Japanese court's decision as backsliding for women's rights, especially in a country where there's been a push to get more women in the workplace.
反对者认为日本法院的判决使妇女权利倒退，尤其在一个推动妇女工作的国家。
Japan ranked 101 out of 145 countries in this year's World Economic Forum gender gap index.
日本在今年的世界经济论坛性别差距指数中，位于145个国家中的第101位。
Japanese marriages traditionally have focused on the two families becoming united rather than just the couple.
日本的婚姻传统上是两个家庭的结合，而不仅仅是夫妻俩。
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词汇解析
1、challenge
挑战;难题
I like a big challenge and they don't come much bigger than this.
我喜欢大的挑战，而所有挑战中再没有比这更大的了。
The new government's first challenge is the economy.
新政府面临的第一个难题是经济问题。
(成功地)应对挑战，迎接挑战
The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.
一个崭新的德国必须迎接挑战，承担更多的责任。
They rose to the challenge of entertaining 80 schoolchildren for an afternoon.
他们一个下午成功接待了80名学童。
怀疑，质疑(真实性、价值、权威等)
Democratic leaders have challenged the president to sign the bill.
民主党领袖对总统签署这项法案提出了质疑。
The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics.
此项动议立即遭到其中两个共和国的反对。
2、especially
特别;尤其
Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, especially in April and May.
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Re-apply sunscreen every two hours, especially if you have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
格外;特别
Babies lose heat much faster than adults, and are especially vulnerable to the cold in their first month.
婴儿散热比成年人快得多，在出生后的头一个月特别容易感冒。
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