带你步入魔法世界:《哈利·波特与魔法石》赏析(147)
日期:2012-06-14 15:33

(单词翻译:单击)

原文欣赏
It was really lucky that Harry now had Hermlone as a friend.
说起来真是幸运,哈利现在有了赫敏这样一位朋友。
He didn't know how he'd have gotten through all his homework without her,
如果没有赫敏,他真不知道怎么完成那么多家庭作业
what with all the last-minute Quidditch practice Wood was making them do.
因为伍德强迫他们抓紧每分钟训练魁地奇。
She had also tent him Quidditch Through the Ages, which turned out to be a very interesting read.
赫敏还借给他一本《魁地奇溯源》,他发现这本书读起来非常有趣。
Harry learned that there were seven hundred ways of committing a Quidditch foul and that all of them had happened during a World Cup match in 1473;
哈利得知,魁地奇比赛有七百种犯规的办法,而它们都出现在一四七三年的一场世界杯比赛中;
that Seekers were usually the smallest and fastest players, and that most serious Quidditch accidents seemed to happen to them;
找球手通常是个头最小、速度最快的选手,最严重的魁地奇事故似乎都发生在他们身上;
that although people rarely died playing Quidditch, referees had been known to vanish and turn up months later in the Sahara Desert.
尽管魁地奇比赛时很少有人死亡,但据说裁判经常消失得无影无踪,几个月后才出现在撒哈拉沙漠。
Hermione had become a bit more relaxed about breaking rules since Harry and Ron had saved her from the mountain troll,
赫敏自从哈利和罗恩把她从庞大的巨怪手里救出来以后,她对于违反校规便不那么在意了,
and she was much nicer for it.
这就使她变得可爱多了。
重点讲解
一.through:adv.通过, 径直, 自始至终, (电话)接通, 完全 prep.穿过, 凭借, 一直到 adj.直达的, 直通的, 贯穿的, 完成的, 结束的
【语法用法】
在美国,through意为“完了的”,through with意为“关于……完了的”。get through with the examination意为“考试完毕”,但get through the examination(没有with)在英美都意为“考试及格”;
through可作形容词。
He is through with asking questions.
他把要问的问题都已问完。
若将句中的with省去,through仍为形容词,但asking则变成了现在分词。
在美国,from Monday through Friday意为“从周一到周五,包括周五”,from astronomy through zoology意为“从天文学到动物学的各种科学”;
across和through的区别同on和in类似,across指从表面穿过,而through则指从三维空间中间穿过。
We walked across the ice.
We were on the ice.
I walked through the wood.
I was in the wood.
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句: This has been seen in the endless stream of bills through parliament.
订正: This has been seen in the endless stream of bills passing through parliament.
翻译: 这可从议会中通过的的层出不穷的法案中看出。
分析: through前应搭配动词使用。
【词义辨析】
1.across, along, over, through
这些前置词均有“横过、穿过”之意。
across指“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过,多与动态动词连用。
along指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态,有时也与静态动词连用。
over常和动态动词连用,指“从……上面越过”或“横越”;表静态时,指“在彼处”。
through侧重从一端穿到另一端。
2.across, through, cross
都可表示“横过”或“穿过”
across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念。
My house is across the harbour,in the vicinity of the Kowloon Park.
我的家在海港的对岸,九龙公园附近。
They live across the Central Plaza.
他们住在中央广场的对面。
Everyone shouts "kill it" when a rat is seen to run across the street.
老鼠过街,人人喊打。
through则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。
crossacross和cross在拼写上仅差一字之微,故很易混淆。它们的区别在于词性和使用场合有所不同。across是介词;cross是动词。
He has crossed the border into another territory.
他已越过边界进入别国的领土。
Many steel arch bridges cross the Mississippi in its lower reaches.
在密西西比河的下游许多拱形铁桥横跨河面。
They have crossed over to Japan.
他们已东渡去日本了。
【例句用法】
Don't tell me how it ends I haven't read all the way through yet.
先别告诉我书的结尾--我还没看完呢。
Ask to be put through to me personally.
你告诉接电话的人,要求和我本人通电话
How soon will you be through?
您要用多长时间打完电话?
He walked home in the rain and was wet through.
他冒雨步行回家,淋得浑身湿透。
The river flows through the city from east to west.
这条河从东到西贯穿这座城市。
二.break:v.打碎, 折断, 违背, 解决, 中断, 透露, 变弱, 锐减, 结束 n.破裂, 休息, 中断, 急冲, 好运
【语法用法】
表示“扯破(衣服)”时,不可用break,tear更加适合;
句意相同的三种不同表达:
You ought to break this habit.
You ought to break off this habit.
You ought to break yourself of this habit.
你应该打破这个习惯。
brake同break的区别:brake可指“刹车,制动器”,“蕨类”,“灌木丛”或“揉面机”等。表示检查器械时,现在一般都用brake,多用于摩托车或四轮马车上。而break则多用于指“断裂”;
用break来表示“把某物弄碎”时,后面需要接介词into来表示结果。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句: She broke the bar of chocolate to three pieces.
订正: She broke the bar of chocolate into three pieces.
翻译: 她把巧克力弄碎成了三瓣。
分析: 用break来表示“把某物弄碎”时,后面需要接介词into来表示结果。
【词义辨析】
1.break, burst, crack, crush, fracture, shatter, smash
这些动词均含“打破、弄碎”之意。
break常用词,含义广泛,多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。
burst指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或撑破。
crack多指因长期使用或经受压力,物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开,但一般没成碎片。
crush指用力把东西压破或使变形。
fracture比crack的破裂程度更深更严重,常指断裂,医学上指骨折。
shatter指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片,多用指易碎事物。
smash指突然而猛烈地重击某物,使之破碎或完全变形。
2.break, destroy, ruin, wreck, damage, spoil
这些动词均有“破坏,损坏”之意。
break普通用词,指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏,可指有形或无形的破坏。
destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏,含导致无用,不能或很难再修复的意味。
ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭,侧重破坏的彻底性,也可用于引申意义。
wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏,也可指计划、健康受到损害。
damage多指对无生命物体的损害,造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值,而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。
3.break, rest, pause, interval, recess, cease, stop, end
这些名词均含有“中止,停止,休息”之意。
break非正式用词,指突然的或短时间的中止,如工作或活动期间短暂休息。
rest指统称的休息。
pause指短暂的中断或停止,含再进行下去的意味。
interval指一出戏在幕与幕之间,音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息;也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。
recess正式用词,指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。
cease正式用词,侧重逐渐结束某活动或状态,含永远结束的意味。
stop普通用词,指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
end多指“自然的结束”。

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重点单词
  • braken. 闸,刹车,制动器 v. 刹车 n. 矮树林,
  • shattern. 碎片,乱七八糟的状态 vt. 打碎,破掉,散开 v
  • bordern. 边界,边境,边缘 vt. 与 ... 接壤,加边于
  • astronomyn. 天文学
  • crushv. 压碎,碾碎,压榨 n. 压碎,压榨,拥挤,迷恋
  • intervaln. 间隔,休息时间,(数学)区间,(音乐)音程
  • relaxedadj. 放松的, 松懈的,随意的 relax的过去式(
  • archn. 拱,拱门,拱状物 v. 成拱形,拱起 adj. 主
  • tentn. 帐篷 v. 住帐篷,宿营
  • territoryn. 领土,版图,领域,范围