原文视听

In addition to that

不仅如此

There has been some evidence

还有证据显示

That acute stress increases cortisol

短期压力会增加皮质醇的分泌

And among individuals who show the greatest reactivity to the stress

有的人面对高强度压力时

That's been determined as high reactors

表现出更强的反应力

When given the opportunity to eat after the stressor

当允许他们在经历压力之后吃东西时

Have been shown to actually consume more calories

他们摄入的热量也更多

So you can see here that

所以大家可以看出

These are the high reactors in response to a stress session

这里显示的是压力环节中的高压力因素

In this case

那么在这个案例中

It was performing a speech

高压力因素就是发表一次演讲

Kind of a standardized go-to-method for stress researchers

这是压力研究人员的一种标准测试方法

Not so much unlike this

和我现在的演讲没有多大区别

Although you do, you know it's in front of the panel

尽管演讲者面对的是一个专家小组

And it's evaluative in nature

专家小组对他们的表现进行评估

And it causes a robust stress response

所以这项任务会使他们产生强大的压力反应

I will talk more about that in the data that I illustrate

我一会儿会引用研究数据来说明这点

But these high reactors were also the ones

承受了高压力的测试对象

That consume the most calories

在获得进食机会时

When given the opportunity

摄入了更多的热量

This was compared to a controlled condition

这是和没有承受压力的

When they didn't undergo a stress

控制小组进行比较后的结果

And these high reactors did differ

因此高压力因素

From low reactors in the calories that they consumed

确实对人们的热量摄入产生了影响

So there does seem to suggest that

这似乎也意味着

The stress and the cortisol that's produced is also associated

压力和身体产生的皮质醇

With behavioral change in calorie consumption

影响了和热量摄入相关的行为方式

In addition to cortisol

除了皮质醇之外

The other mechanism that I want to note in this selected review

我还要提到的另一个作用机制是

Is the role of neuropeptide Y

神经肽Y抗体的作用

Kuo and colleagues and some elegant studies

2007年的自然和医学杂志上发表的

Published in 2007 in Nature and Medicine

郭及其同事的研究以及其他出色的研究

Showed that stress upregulates NPY

显示在不影响肾上腺糖皮质激素的前提下

In a glucocorticoid dependent manner

如果提高神经肽Y抗体的水平

Leading adipose growth

那么当给老鼠喂食高糖分和高脂肪的食物时

When mice were fed high sugar/high fat diet

它们的脂肪会增加

课程简介和演讲视频

课程简介
本套课程讲解了睡眠对健康的多重影响。睡眠不足会改变身体的内分泌系统，打破激素的平衡，扰乱大脑对食物的选择和摄取从而引发肥胖，严重影响胰岛素的平衡进而引发糖尿病。不同年龄段的人群有不同的睡眠需求，一般而言，年轻人的睡眠需求高于老年人，但所有成年人都应保证每天8小时的睡眠时间。

老年人的睡眠时间减少并不是生理变化的自然结果，而是其他疾病造成的影响，衰老本身并不会降低睡眠需求。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠、睡眠呼吸障碍、四肢不宁综合症、快速眼动期行为失调，患者需要就具体的睡眠障碍咨询专业的睡眠医生，确诊后有针对性的改善睡眠，进而提高整体的健康状况。

不同的睡眠障碍有不同的治疗方式，但认知行为疗法是所有治疗方法的首选，其次是器械治疗、药物治疗以及外科手术治疗。患者应养成良好的睡眠习惯，培养“睡眠卫生习惯”，改善睡眠质量，尽量避免擅自用药和药物滥用。