原文视听

So in many ways sleep is the primary activity in the developing brain

所以从很多方面来说 睡眠是大脑发育的主要活动

Also it's important to recognize

同时 我们还需要认识到

that across species is important during early development

睡眠对很多物种的早期发育都至关重要

Sleep is more important in early development

睡眠对各种动物的早期发育起着非常重要的作用

whether you are talking about puppies, kittens

无论是小狗 还是小猫

baby monkeys, human infants or drosophila

或者小猴子 人类的小婴儿 甚至是果蝇

Periods of brain development and early development

大脑的发育以及早期的生理发育

are associated with greater need for sleep

都急切地需要睡眠

that's not just rest actually operationalize as sleep

不是休息 不能把休息视作睡眠

and I'm gonna get to the differences in a moment

我一会儿会对两者的差别进行区分

Finally, one more the framing issue

在我再次开始讲解青春期相关的问题之前

before I dive into the adolescents story again

我还要提一个宏观性的问题

is this idea that sleep is intertwined

也就是睡眠和很多调节系统

with multiple regulatory systems

有着千丝万缕的联系

particularly from the developmental perspective

特别是从发育的角度来看更是如此

It's not just going to sleep

不光是睡觉

it's sleep-arousal regulation

而是和睡眠-苏醒的调节系统

and that's intertwined with sleep and temperature regulation

和睡眠-体温调节系统

sleep and metabolic regulation

睡眠-代谢调节系统

sleep and circadian regulation

睡眠-生理规律调节系统

and sleep and emotion regulation

以及睡眠-情感调节系统有着密切的关系

The earlier you go into development

进入发育阶段的时间越早

the more intertwined these systems are

这些系统之间联系得越密切

including the social contexts

包括作为这些系统存在基础的社会背景

that set the stage for these

其影响也更大

But I want to highlight one other issue

但我想强调

about the framework for thinking about sleep

睡眠的框架性问题

Again, I'm just gonna do this conceptual

我还是从概念

almost metaphorical level for a moment

或者比喻的角度来讲这个问题

And I'll come back later to

讲完之后

how this maybe operationalize empirical studies

再讲如何将概念性研究应用到实证研究中

It's part of what I think governs the mystery of sleep that

我想讲的是控制睡眠的机制

you know, sleep is ubiquitous across species

大家知道 所有物种都要睡觉

is necessary for life

睡眠是生命的必要组成部分

Animals can't even survive without sleep

动物如果不睡觉就无法生存

and yet the actual function and purpose of sleep is still relatively unknown

但是人们对睡眠真正的功能和目的 了解得并不够

In order to really zoom in on that

为了更清晰的看清楚这个问题

it's important to highlight the difference between sleep and rest

有必要对睡眠和休息进行区分

because rest is not sleep

因为休息不是睡眠

and it's interesting to think about what the difference is

思考两者之间的区别很有意思

课程简介和演讲视频

课程简介
本套课程讲解了睡眠对健康的多重影响。睡眠不足会改变身体的内分泌系统，打破激素的平衡，扰乱大脑对食物的选择和摄取从而引发肥胖，严重影响胰岛素的平衡进而引发糖尿病。不同年龄段的人群有不同的睡眠需求，一般而言，年轻人的睡眠需求高于老年人，但所有成年人都应保证每天8小时的睡眠时间。

老年人的睡眠时间减少并不是生理变化的自然结果，而是其他疾病造成的影响，衰老本身并不会降低睡眠需求。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠、睡眠呼吸障碍、四肢不宁综合症、快速眼动期行为失调，患者需要就具体的睡眠障碍咨询专业的睡眠医生，确诊后有针对性的改善睡眠，进而提高整体的健康状况。

不同的睡眠障碍有不同的治疗方式，但认知行为疗法是所有治疗方法的首选，其次是器械治疗、药物治疗以及外科手术治疗。患者应养成良好的睡眠习惯，培养“睡眠卫生习惯”，改善睡眠质量，尽量避免擅自用药和药物滥用。