原文视听

There is the notion

有一种认识

that obesity experts do think that energy expenditure is important

即肥胖症专家的确认为能量消耗很重要

and reductions in physical activity

体力活动的减少

probably do explain the epidemic in obesity

也许能够解释肥胖症流行的原因

There has been much of a decrease

(体力活动)确实减少了

It doesn't seem the amount of time

人们花在有计划的锻炼上的时间

we spend doing planned exercise

并没有减少多少

but there does seem to be definitely an increase in recent decades

但近几十年来

in amount of time we spend sitting at our desks

我们坐在办公桌前的时间确实增加了

on our computers and so on

使用电脑的时间增加了

and there has been an idea

有一种观点认为

that a lot of obesity epidemic can be explained

很多肥胖症之所以出现

by changes in a labor-saving technology now available

是因为技术的进步节省了劳动力

We get cars

我们有了汽车

I don't know whether this is more in South Carolina

我不太清楚南卡罗莱纳州的情况是不是更严重

where obesity rates are higher than just about anywhere in the country

那里的肥胖率是不是全美最高的

and where traffic is not really an issue

那里的交通很发达

People drive their cars everywhere

人们去哪里都开车

We even have drive-thru drycleaners there

甚至还有汽车洗衣店

I don't know if they have this here in California

我不知道加州有没有

but it's amazing, you know

但这种情况非常惊人

they just drive everywhere

人们到哪里都开车

I really notice a difference there

我确实注意到了那里的不同之处

I came to the campus here at Berkley

我来到伯克利校园之后

and there's really a difference in levels of physical activity

发现这里的体力活动程度真的较高

That's another issue

还有一个问题

So this isthese are data from Chaput and colleagues

这是肖普特和他的同事得出的研究数据

It's been shown many times

结论反复证明

that there is a U shape association between sleep duration

睡眠长短和死亡 以及其他所有负面结果之间

and mortality and a lot of other bad things

都存在一个U型的联系

including diabetes and obesity

特别是和糖尿病以及肥胖症之间

These are perspective data from a 6-year perspective study

这是一个为期6年的前瞻性研究数据

We compare 7 to 8-hour sleepers.

我们将7小时睡眠者与8小时睡眠者进行了对比

Those who slept longer or shorter

睡眠时间过长或过短的人

have significantly increased risk of having

他们腰围长度

an increase in waist circumference

增加的可能性非常大

Body weight was not shown here

这里没有显示体重

and increases in percent body fat

他们体内的脂肪含量也会相应提高

课程简介和演讲视频

课程简介
本套课程讲解了睡眠对健康的多重影响。睡眠不足会改变身体的内分泌系统，打破激素的平衡，扰乱大脑对食物的选择和摄取从而引发肥胖，严重影响胰岛素的平衡进而引发糖尿病。不同年龄段的人群有不同的睡眠需求，一般而言，年轻人的睡眠需求高于老年人，但所有成年人都应保证每天8小时的睡眠时间。

老年人的睡眠时间减少并不是生理变化的自然结果，而是其他疾病造成的影响，衰老本身并不会降低睡眠需求。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠、睡眠呼吸障碍、四肢不宁综合症、快速眼动期行为失调，患者需要就具体的睡眠障碍咨询专业的睡眠医生，确诊后有针对性的改善睡眠，进而提高整体的健康状况。

不同的睡眠障碍有不同的治疗方式，但认知行为疗法是所有治疗方法的首选，其次是器械治疗、药物治疗以及外科手术治疗。患者应养成良好的睡眠习惯，培养“睡眠卫生习惯”，改善睡眠质量，尽量避免擅自用药和药物滥用。