原文视听

But it wasn't really as effective

但体育活动对睡眠的影响

as the psychological factors

仍不及心理原因造成的影响

explaining 30% of their sleep complaints

心理原因导致的睡眠问题占到了30%

And those were depression and stress

主要是抑郁和压力

Now stress didn't come out as the significant variable

压力并非重要的变量

because stress and depression

因为压力和抑郁之间

are so interrelated with each other

存在非常紧密的联系

but those two psychological issues

和生理性变量相比

explain a lot more of the sleep complaints

心理原因更容易导致

than the physiological variables

患者的睡眠障碍

And then there are some social factors

其次是社会因素

Being in the supporter of a relationship

维持某种关系

multiple roles, wife, mother employee

多重角色 如妻子 母亲 员工

have nothing to do with their sleep complaints

这些都不会对睡眠造成多大的影响

But ethnicity and education

但种族差异和受教育的差异

explain about 4% of the variance of their sleep problems

导致的睡眠差异大概为4%

So again, mostly, psychological and health issues

所以这又是和心理以及健康有关的原因

To summarize these studies

总结一下这些研究结论

we really don't know much

我们对中年女性的睡眠情况

about women's sleep in midlife

以及绝经前的睡眠状况

and how it looks before they going to menopause

了解得其实并不多

Most studies were actually looked at women

大多数研究

who are menopausal

关注的都是绝经后的妇女

and that they had actually had no periods for a year

如果她们的月经停了一年

and then they are eligible for studies

就有资格参加研究

We were looking at women in that decade before

在过去10年我们也对这部分女性进行了研究

and we drop them from the research

但现在一旦她们进入绝经期

once they became menopausal or had hysterectomy

或者接受了子宫切除术

or went on hormone therapy

或激素疗法 那么就不再具有参与实验的资格了

So we started to learn a bit more

所以我们开始慢慢的了解

about women in this age group

这个年龄段女性的睡眠情况

The psycho-social factors play a larger role than hormones

心理和社会因素比激素更容易影响睡眠

And women self-report more problems than men

女性自述的睡眠障碍超过了男性

but the objective measures are very similar

但所有这些研究

in all these studies

所采用的客观测量方法都非常大类似

Now in the African American women

非洲裔美国妇女

who are self-reporting poor sleep

自述睡眠状况非常糟糕

and actually sleeping less

睡眠时间也很短

the objective measures

我们客观测量的结果

are similar to their subjective reports

和她们的自述情况非常的接近

课程简介和演讲视频

课程简介
本套课程讲解了睡眠对健康的多重影响。睡眠不足会改变身体的内分泌系统，打破激素的平衡，扰乱大脑对食物的选择和摄取从而引发肥胖，严重影响胰岛素的平衡进而引发糖尿病。不同年龄段的人群有不同的睡眠需求，一般而言，年轻人的睡眠需求高于老年人，但所有成年人都应保证每天8小时的睡眠时间。老年人的睡眠时间减少并不是生理变化的自然结果，而是其他疾病造成的影响，衰老本身并不会降低睡眠需求。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠、睡眠呼吸障碍、四肢不宁综合症、快速眼动期行为失调，患者需要就具体的睡眠障碍咨询专业的睡眠医生，确诊后有针对性的改善睡眠，进而提高整体的健康状况。不同的睡眠障碍有不同的治疗方式，但认知行为疗法是所有治疗方法的首选，其次是器械治疗、药物治疗以及外科手术治疗。患者应养成良好的睡眠习惯，培养“睡眠卫生习惯”，改善睡眠质量，尽量避免擅自用药和药物滥用。