原文视听

Now, the focus of this whole conference today

今天这个会议的讨论焦点

what I want to highlight

也是我报告的主题

is part of this perfect storm

就是关注青春期发展风暴中的一个层面

focus on sleep and sleep arousal regulation

关注睡眠和苏醒的调节机制

I think it's important to step back again

我认为我们有必要退一步

and broadly and think

从宏观方面去思考

why is sleep so important in the development

为什么睡眠在这些调节机制的发展过程中

in these regulatory systems

发挥了如此重要的作用

This is a fascinating and exciting story

这是一个引人注目同时又激动人心的问题

There's growing evidence for

有越来越多的证据证明

the role of sleep and learning, memory

睡眠对学习能力 记忆力

brain development

以及大脑发育产生的影响

It's intertwined with several aspects

睡眠还和生理及心理健康

of physical and emotional health

以及代谢平衡和肥胖问题

as well as metabolic balance and obesity we are talking about

有着密切的联系

It has critical implications for interventional policy in youth

对于青少年的干预性措施有着重要的意义

It's been rapidly progressing in several areas

和睡眠相关的很多领域的研究

relevant to understanding the role of sleep

都有相当快的发展

neuroscience of sleep-wake systems

关于睡眠-苏醒机制的神经科学

the neuroscience of circadian systems

生理系统的神经科学

the neuroscience of learning and memory

学习和记忆的神经科学

developmental neuroscience broadly

广义上的发展神经科学

especially cognitive, affective and social neuroscience

特别是认知 情感和社会神经科学

and the developmental psychology

发展心理学

understanding the role of family, social and cultural influences

理解家庭 社会和文化影响

What we need more of is integration across these levels

我们所需要的是这些研究领域的融合

Increasingly there are groups going after one slice of this

很多研究小组越来越多的关注其中一个领域

that tend to often ignore other aspects

而忽视了和这个复杂问题相关的

of these complex issues

其他领域的问题

especially social and cultural interaction with these influences

特别是社会和文化因素和这些影响之间的关系

Again, it's a fascinating story

我再次强调 这是一个引人注目的问题

I don't want to go...

我不打算...

even though I'm very very interested in how very early period

尽管我对人类早期的行为研究很感兴趣

as Susan was saying

正如苏珊所提到的那样

maybe infant sleep and toddler sleep

可能婴儿和幼年时期的睡眠

can really set the stage for this trajectories in powerful ways

很大程度上影响了人们后来的睡眠

I think that's important that

但我认为更重要的是

it is important to take the perspective

从另一个角度去看问题

of how important the sleep is in the developing brain

即睡眠对大脑发育到底起到了哪些重要作用

The average 2-year old child

2岁的孩子在两年中

has spent about 9,500 hours sleeping

平均睡觉时间为9500个小时

or about 13 months

也就是13个月

about 8,000 hours in waking activities combined

而醒着的活动时间为8000个小时

Between 2 and 5

从2岁到5岁

if you count naps

如果你把小睡也算上

about equal amounts of time spent sleeping and waking

睡眠和醒着的时间各占一半

课程简介和演讲视频

课程简介
本套课程讲解了睡眠对健康的多重影响。睡眠不足会改变身体的内分泌系统，打破激素的平衡，扰乱大脑对食物的选择和摄取从而引发肥胖，严重影响胰岛素的平衡进而引发糖尿病。不同年龄段的人群有不同的睡眠需求，一般而言，年轻人的睡眠需求高于老年人，但所有成年人都应保证每天8小时的睡眠时间。

老年人的睡眠时间减少并不是生理变化的自然结果，而是其他疾病造成的影响，衰老本身并不会降低睡眠需求。常见的睡眠障碍包括失眠、睡眠呼吸障碍、四肢不宁综合症、快速眼动期行为失调，患者需要就具体的睡眠障碍咨询专业的睡眠医生，确诊后有针对性的改善睡眠，进而提高整体的健康状况。

不同的睡眠障碍有不同的治疗方式，但认知行为疗法是所有治疗方法的首选，其次是器械治疗、药物治疗以及外科手术治疗。患者应养成良好的睡眠习惯，培养“睡眠卫生习惯”，改善睡眠质量，尽量避免擅自用药和药物滥用。