美国历史《我们的故事》第一集反抗者12:莱克星顿的枪声(上)
日期:2012-07-20 11:00

(单词翻译:单击)

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TEXT:Excellent, good shot. We keep this up, we're gonna give those redcoats a scare, all right? The British will not stand for any armed resistance. April 19, 1775. After midnight, 900 redcoats leave their barracks in Boston for Lexington and Concord, about 20 miles away. Their orders: Arrest the rebel leaders and seize their weapons. News of the British attack also reaches Paul Revere. His midnight ride will alert local militias. Revere rides ahead of the British troops. His warning spreads from town to town, across the New England countryside. Paul Revere reaches Lexington... in time to spread the word. The British are coming. We need to warn the militia. Get 'em together. Come on! By five in the morning, 60 militiamen line up. They're commanded by a farmer, John Parker. They're faced off against hundreds of well-armed and highly experienced British soldiers. What happens next will transform the world forever. Sunrise, April 19, 1775. On one side 60 men, poorly armed and barely trained. On the ot her, hundreds of the most powerful army in the world. Men who have only been active for a handful of months, An army that in the past 20 years has fought on five continents and defeated everything in its path. For these Rebels, the fight is for nothing less than freedom itself. These guys were revolutionaries, they were scallywags, they were rebels, some of them were gentlemen farmers, some of them were overeducated, some of them were undereducated. It really was the birth of a nation. The Lexington Militia gathers on the village common. Dairy farmers and shopkeepers. But also among them are free African-Americans and slaves. It is a unique experience that African-Americans have had in the military in America. African-Americans fought for the country, even before it was a country. African-Americans like Prince Estabrook. Give me training. You give me a weapon, and I can perform as well as you can.

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译文:太棒了,很准^WJ|^ZWrwERGp。我们保持这个水准,让那些英国兵瞧瞧我们的厉害,o(|YIbSP7。英国人不会容忍任何武装反抗bWw.gC|phQf。1775年4月19日,午夜后900名英国士兵从波士顿开拔,前往20英里以外的莱克星顿和康科德s]zTOAuRa&Q8T;;T,Ux7。他们的任务是逮捕叛乱头领并缴获武器,英军进攻的消息也传到了保罗·里维尔耳里,他将连夜赶路通知当地民兵_w=pD*^p62t&3UneNaDt。里维尔赶在了英国军队的前面,他的警报在新英格兰的乡村逐镇传开iG4FZruoZ,99,y。保罗·里维尔及时到达莱克星顿通报消息,英军正在进逼,快去通知民兵,召集大家,快##d@Z=!t=+a。清晨五点,60名民兵布阵集合由农夫约翰·帕克指挥Sue%Y5tR!)z55MOv*X。他们面对的是数百名武器精良久经沙场的英国士兵,接下来发生的事将会彻底改变世界h~4=5Rxej.o)KfRyVEIO。1775年4月19日,拂晓ifPx6&GvZ8sylfJiXX。一方是60名装备落后训练不足的民兵,另一方是数百世界上最强大军队的士兵]6y;E#wex!H6utF#;,。服役数月的新兵对阵过往20年里征战五大洲 无往不胜的军队,对于反抗者们来说这场战斗是为自由而战6pyCWUUld3;bk;KoS7。布莱恩·威廉斯[NBC晚间新闻主播]:“他们是革命者,他们是痞子,他们是反叛者,他们中有些是乡绅,有些受过高等教育,有些没念过几年书,就这样造就了一个国家+UAmkk|TEbz。”莱克星顿民兵在村庄公用地集中牧场主和店主,甚至黑奴和自由的非裔美国人也在其中at3Hcz9.VW]A@ohAr,F(。科林·L·鲍威尔将军[美国第一位黑人国务卿]:“这是非裔美国人为美国军方效力的独特经历,早在美国尚未建国之时非裔美国人就已为国而战,就像他们中的普林斯·埃斯塔布鲁克DEfqH#ZZ0P#.q6Y。给我训练,给我武器,我能做得和你一样好,世上永不再有任何武力可以令我屈服e-Qt-)hW7JesV

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《美国简史》系本纪录片历史背景

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背景知识:莱克星顿的枪声(上)

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在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿市西郊有个名叫莱克星顿的小镇,在镇的中心区,矗立着一座英姿飒爽、手握步枪的民兵铜像Tjswl#1!d!DLR_QM。旁边一块粗糙的石碑上刻着这样的豪言壮语:"坚守阵地9[MQBrTt[,7!Ly|piv。在敌人没有开枪射击前,不要先开枪;但如果敌人硬要把战争强加在我们头上,那就让战争从这里开始吧ZaMzG,myq@@。"也就是在这个地方,美国独立战争打响了第一枪vD@SFShT2bT2@P

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(一)莱克星顿的枪声与布里德山战役

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  第一届大陆会议闭幕后,殖民地当地的民兵和驻殖民地的英军,都在厉兵抺马,集结物资和训练民兵,冲突一触即发,形势最为严峻的马萨诸塞更是紧锣密鼓地准备着RHy|]Ad;;CS@D0|。马萨诸塞总督兼驻殖民地英军总司令托马斯·盖奇,也率军队坐镇波士顿,修筑工事,日夜练兵,还派间谍收集殖民地当地的情报aswu(q4Q_t。1775年4月18日,一名英军侦探向盖奇报告说,殖民地的民兵正在离波士顿20英里的康科德征集火药和军需品,盖奇当即决定派兵摧毁康科德的这批军火基地,并到莱克星顿逮捕殖民地塞缪尔·亚当斯等反抗运动领袖9~mJ7HaTW=Ve。很快英军的计划被"自由之子"探得,保罗·里维尔立刻星夜奔驰,赶往康科德报告lU6Pj)et~DQB7S4C。民兵们闻讯后马上集合起来,埋伏在公路的两旁,准备打一场漂亮的伏击K_F(&!76-@

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图:莱克星顿的枪声纪念雕像

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  4月19日凌晨,由指挥官约翰·皮特凯恩率领的英国士兵到达莱克星顿地区,与当地民兵发生了遭遇战,起初,双方都有一点迟疑,只是互相喊叫和下命令!t^X#[oSo|KQeO|7。喧哗之中,不知从哪里传来一声枪响,接着,双方开火,民兵寡不敌众,在英军的强大炮火下,10死8伤,被迫撤退TIrC)Sx2Ndhw#

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莱克星顿遭遇战后,英军继续前进来到康科德,在销毁了他们发现的一部分民兵征集的军火后开始撤退,但归途上遭到民兵的沿路伏击Z,^fu~#w5BmVA%。一路上,从附近村庄赶来的数千民兵躲在岩石、树林、灌木丛、房屋后面,对准醒目的英军开枪射击,打得英军措手不及,连连后退;O[.^SbH2M0l;,oO。最后狼狈不堪的英军退回到波士顿时,死伤共240多人Yt1Yt,gojSl。不久,成千上万的民兵从新英格兰各地陆续开来,不到一个星期,就把波士顿团团包围了d@xiU2&KQW^tbb.

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  1775年6月中旬,三名英国少将--威廉·豪、约翰·帕高英、亨利·克林顿率领数千名英军赶来,援助被围困在波士顿的英军PioCp&tvm-]*-.(w=)_。在获悉增援部队到来后,盖奇决定击退围攻的民兵,6月17日凌晨,500多名民兵在波士顿北面的布里德山建立阵地,以阻止波士顿的英军与增援的英军会合hm](lG6.xnH。当天下午,威廉·豪将军率领2200名英军发动攻击,意图攻占布里德山hm##GD[wC~W@aXL8XF8。经过一番激烈战斗后,英军经过三次进攻,最后占领了阵地,但同时也付出了很大的伤亡代价vqAglFN94)a

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(本故事下期继续...)

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重点单词
  • militaryadj. 军事的 n. 军队
  • concordn. 和睦,公约,和谐,一致
  • spreadv. 伸展,展开,传播,散布,铺开,涂撒 n. 伸展,传
  • performv. 执行,运转,举行,表演
  • militian. 民兵组织,义勇军,国民军
  • experiencedadj. 有经验的
  • rebeln. 叛徒,起义者,反叛者 adj. 造反的,反抗的 v
  • uniqueadj. 独一无二的,独特的,稀罕的
  • transformvt. 转换,变形 vi. 改变 n. 变形
  • resistancen. 抵抗力,反抗,反抗行动;阻力,电阻;反对