听力文本

And here again it just show California where the progressive in green and the Democrats in blue
这来看看加州的情况，绿色代表进步党，蓝色代表民主党
You can see look at the Bay Area, Wilson took San Mateo and San Francisco, but
在旧金山湾区的威尔逊仅拿下了圣马特奥和旧金山，但
Roosevelt basically took the Bay Area and took most of the southern California as well
西奥多则几乎赢下了整个湾区并且赢得了加州南部的大部分地区
Socialists did quite well: here is Eugene Debs getting 12% of the votes in San Francisco
社会主义者的表现也很好——来看看尤金·德布斯在旧金山获得了12%的选票
12% in San Mateo, 16% in Contra Costa, 9% in Santa Clara, 14% in Alameda
在圣马特奥获得了12%，康查柯斯达县16%，圣塔克拉拉9%，阿拉梅达县14%
and I throw in Nevada county and Calaveras county in the Sierra Foothills as the gold mining counties
我还加入了内华达县、克拉瓦拉县这两个锯齿丘陵区的金矿大县来做比较
and the socialists did very well at that time
尤金在这两个县都获得了不少支持
You look at it today these counties are 60% Republican voting easily
如今这些县的共和党支持率很容易上60%
Socialists wouldn't get very many votes in Calaveras county today
如今社会主义者不可能再在卡拉瓦拉县获得那么多选票
Believe me, I grew up there, so I know that county pretty well
相信我，我在那儿长大的，所以我对这些县非常了解

Federal Reserve Districts, I throw this map try to look a little bit about what Wilson did as president
联邦储备区，通过这幅地图可以稍微了解到威尔逊在任时做了些什么
He was a progressive Democrat
他是一名进步派民主党人
He pushed through a lot of progressive reforms
他推进了一系列的进步改革
He created a Federal Trade Commission
他创立了联邦贸易委员会
He lowered the tariff, but how that's interesting, the Democrats always want to lower the tariff
降低了关税，很有意思，民主党人总是想降低关税
There is a problem you lower the tariff
但这样做会产生一个问题
What about the revenue
用什么来填补减少的财政收入
The tariff is a huge source of revenue for the government, so he had to make up for it
关税是政府收入的一大来源，因此采取填补收入的措施
The answer was graduated income tax which actually tooka constitutional amendment to allow that to happen
解决的方法是分级税收制，事实上就是制定一个宪法修正案来保证其实施
So we got the first income tax in the United States
美国的收入税由此诞生

视频及简介

这一集大致讲述了1920－1972年总统大选的历史与过程，主要以一战、1929大萧条、二战、美苏冷战为历史背景，穿插了西奥多罗斯福，富兰克林罗斯福，杜鲁门，肯尼迪等几位著名美国总统的竞选和执政经历。