听力文本

There wasn't that much gold to go around at the time, There were shortages of gold
因为当时没有足够的黄金在市场流通，黄金产量不足
For the dollar being packed with gold, The economy is expanding, the gold supply isn't
由于美元与黄金挂钩,使得经济不断膨胀发展，黄金供应量却跟不上
That means you get deflation and deflation was terrible news for indebted farmers
导致市场出现通货紧缩，而通货紧缩对负债累累的农民而言是个噩耗
Farmers had borrowed a lot of money
他们必须大量地借钱
for agricultural machinery, for their supply, just to get through the winter time or even the summer until the new crops come in
来购置农业生产机器并支撑他们度过冬天的艰难时期，甚至要熬过夏天，直到迎来新一轮丰收
So farmers tend to be debtors
因此很多农民都是负债者
and when you have a deflationary environment that means the debtors will have to pay off more money than they otherwise had to do
在通货紧缩的大环境下，负债者要付比正常时期更多的钱才能还清债务
So there was a lot of real distress at this time going on
因此这一时期农民负担极为沉重

What this populist movement had in its first platform
平民论者的第一个政纲就写着
was to get rid of the gold standard to go to basically silver or at least bimetallism
要废除金本位制，建立银本位制或复本位制
but to have what they called free coinage of silver which meant that anybody could take silver into a mint
要实现他们多说的银币自由铸造，就意味着任何人都可以把银拿到铸币厂
like equate with gold at those days, turn in your silver and get coinage
就和黄金一样，银也可以直接被换成货币
and they wanted a ratio of 16 pounds of silver to one pound of gold
他们还提议用16:1的比例进行银和金的兑换
which was not how silver was trading in the open market
这与应在自由市场上的价值相差甚远
This is a policy that would have had been innative or reflect to currency inflation
这种政策会造成的相应结果是通货膨胀
It would have meant that the debtor would be paying off their debts with cheaper dollars in a way
那么负债者就能够以较少的美元还清债务
So it would be very beneficial to farmers who had these big debts
很大程度上缓解了负债重的农民的负担

视频及简介

这一集大致讲述了1920－1972年总统大选的历史与过程，主要以一战、1929大萧条、二战、美苏冷战为历史背景，穿插了西奥多罗斯福，富兰克林罗斯福，杜鲁门，肯尼迪等几位著名美国总统的竞选和执政经历。