听力文本

Yes, this is the area of large cities and urbanization, but it's really not enough to have a firm base of power
尽管这里大城市密集，城市化迅速，但对于一个稳固的政权而言，这点支持远远不够
So the Republicans in 1868, come up with several strategies in order to maintain power
所以共和党人在1868年采取了一系列策略来巩固他们的政权
One is to do everything they can to enfranchise the former slaves, the black in the southern part of the United States
首先是尽最大的努力，使以前在南部的黑奴拥有选举权
To use federal troops which were certainly necessary to keep former slaves i should say, able to vote
甚至动用联邦军队来为黑奴顺利行使选举权提供必要的安全保障
So that was one main strategy
这是其中一个主要的战略
Another strategy was to do what the Whigs had done
另一个战略则是效仿辉格党人的做法，
at many times which was to find a popular general to run
被多次采用的做法就是找寻受欢迎的将军做总统候选人
In this case Ulysses S. Grant, the most successful general of the civil war
这次他们选择了，格兰特，南北战争期间最名声显赫的将军

And finally, the third was to do whatever they could to associate the Democrats with rebellion
最后一个战略就是鼓吹民主党人的分裂意图
Waving the bloody shirt as it was called, Bring up what had been done during the civil war
挥舞着血衣示意民主党，在南北战争期间欠下累累血债
So as you can see at 1868, That was a successful strategy
从1868年最终结果可以看出，这些策略效果显着
You can see the Republicans wining many southern states
共和党人赢得了很多南部州的支持
But they did so largely through the votes of the freed former slaves
不过这很大程度上靠的是南部那些被解放的黑奴
You can also see several states which were not yet through reconstruction and were not able to vote
你还会发现有好几个州仍未从战争恢复而未参加投票
So a pretty clear win, now though that they were not winning all of the north at this time
这场胜利是压倒性的，但这场大选中，共和党反而没有赢得所有北部州的支持
and that was largely because of the New York city area and the coastal zone here at the middle Atlantic states
主要是因为纽约地区和大西洋中部州区倾向民主党

视频及简介

这一集大致讲述了1920－1972年总统大选的历史与过程，主要以一战、1929大萧条、二战、美苏冷战为历史背景，穿插了西奥多罗斯福，富兰克林罗斯福，杜鲁门，肯尼迪等几位著名美国总统的竞选和执政经历。