听力文本

Take a look at that district in North Carolina
以北卡罗来纳州的选区为例
Why is that there
是什么造成了这种选区划分呢?
That's there to have a safe African-American majority district linking together African-American areas of a number of different cities
这是为了把大部分人口为非洲裔的城市连接起来划入同一个选区
This is something that Democrats and Republicans would often agree upon
这是民主党人和共和党人都会同意的事情
Because you can both get safe seats that way
因为这种方法能保证双方都获得席位
If you fix these districts in this way
即把支持某一方的区域都划入同一选区
Utah, one of the most republican voting states
犹他州作为共和党支持率最高的州
Has one of its congressional representative that is the Democrat
也有一名国会议员是民主党人
Interesting district includes Salt Lake City and the whole bunch of rural Utah when they redistrict him
有趣的是该选区起初只包括盐湖城后来改划时将犹他的农村地区也包括进来
At first he just had Salt Lake City
由于该候选人只是在盐湖城有较高支持率
Hey give him all these rural areas
人们认为，在该区加入来自农村的选民
A lot of people thought he would lose but he manage to pull through
会导致他竞选失败，但他最终还是成功当选为众议员
Just know Los Angeles with it's Democratic representatives, suburban southern California different story
而洛杉矶的民主党众议员、南加州郊区的众议员则有着不同的竞选故事
You can see Minneapolis in St.Paul
可以看到，圣保罗的明尼阿波利斯市
A Democratic.
有一名民主党众议员
And you can see this suburban republican ring
包围它的是城郊区域的共和党议员
And then the Democratic outliners
该区域外围又是得势的民主党人
So that's pretty interesting patterns there
这种模式看起来很有趣
But through most of the country very mixed
但纵观全国，情况是很杂乱的

Let me talk a little bit about this northern belt. Which I found very interesting
我想稍微讲讲北部一带的州，这里的情况很有趣
Places like Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota that went very heavily for the republicans
蒙大拿州，北达科他州，南达科他州都是极度支持共和党的地方
Although actually there's one poll now that puts North Dakota is a draw right now
近来有民意调查显示两党在北达科他支持者势均力敌
Barak Obama polled out a few weeks ago
但几周前对奥巴马的民意调查却显示
and no way win the North Dakota
他在该州毫无胜算
Most recent poll shows a neck-and-neck
仅过几周，选情又变为两党不分上下
Which is a kind of interesting. But generally republicans win at the national level
情况的确是摇摆不定，很有看头，虽然04年的共和党在全国范围大体获胜
but yet we got governors here we've got congress people, we got states people
但从州长，众议员的情况来看又有所不同
If we go back historically
如果我们追溯历史
we find that these northern, sort of north-central states were some of the most left-leaning states
我们会发现北部和中北部地区都是一些左倾的州
Montana in 1912
来看蒙大拿州1912年的选情
This is a fascinating election
那年大选发生了很多故事
You had Taft as the incumbent Handpick successor to Teddy Roosevelt
时任国防部长塔夫脱是罗斯福钦点的衣钵传人
Teddy Roosevelt did not like the conservative direction Taft was taking
但罗斯福不喜欢塔夫脱的保守作风
He challenged him and for the republican nomination and lost
以致最终和塔夫脱决裂，自行宣布角逐共和党候选人，但失败
And then form his own party, the progressive party or Bull Moose Party .
其后他另起炉灶，成立进步党，又称公鹿党
Eugene Debs running as a socialist
尤金德布斯以社会主义者的名义竞选
And Woodrow Wilson as a democrat. By the day standards, Taft very definitely conservative
伍德罗·威尔逊，则是民主党候选人。根据当时人们的判断标准，除了塔夫脱是个不折不扣的保守分子
All of the others are somewhat liberal and to some extend in well steps quite far to the left
其他候选人都是自由主义者且有不同程度的左倾倾向
Wilson is liberal in many regards. He was an arch-segregationist and so he had his conservative aspects
威尔逊在很多方面表现出自由主义。但同时他又是一个重要的隔离主义者，由此可以瞥见他保守的一面
Roosevelt, liberal in some areas but quite militaristic and imperialistic. So conservative in someways
罗斯福虽在某些方面观念开放，却是个有着军国主义和帝国主义色彩的人物，在某些方面，他还是较为保守
But you can see the republican candidate
但你能看到，塔夫脱作为共和党候选人
wining less than a quarter of the vote in Montana
在蒙大拿州只赢得了不到 1/4的选票
And so we can sort of see some of these old patterns. they seem to disappear in one level if you look at presidential election
这说明总统大选中一些旧的规律在过去的总统大选中也许并没有体现
when you look at the state elections and congressional elections, you can see maybe some continuation of those patterns
但在一些州级选举或国会级选举中你也许能看到那些规律的延续

视频及简介

本课程结合大量地图，探索了美国总统大选（包括过去和现在）中的地理学，并且对仅仅简单把美国分为红州（共和党）和蓝州（民主党）这一说法提出挑战。现实中，美国社会两党的情况，远比这种简单的两分法要复杂。