听力文本

Montana, you can see very clearly the native American-Indian reservations area
蒙大拿州，你可以很明显地看到那些蓝色的印第安人保护区
But we can also see some other exceptional areas
还有其他与保护区一样例外的情况
Sometimes the university town
例如一些大学城
Sometimes the mining areas with high degrees of unionization
又或者一些高度工会化的矿区
But it's a map. Yes, where you do see some very red areas
不过在这幅图中你的确可以看到一些非常红的区域
Utah very red
犹他州，红色非常深
Again you can see parts of central Pennsylvania very red
宾夕法尼亚中部也是如此
Areas in the Gulf coast
还有墨西哥湾沿岸地区
Ah, and I should say too
我要说一个问题
There are some scholars and journalist who say
有些学者和评论员认为
Yeah, look at this map and it's purple patterns that are not following states lines
这幅地图上的紫色分布跨越了州界
Let's remap American political geography
我们应重绘一幅地图来体现其政治地理划分
let's ignore the states and come up with systems like this
我们暂时忽略州的划分，来看看这个新的地理划分
so here we have very interesting new take of American political geography
就是这幅图，一个看待美国政治地理分布非常有趣的新角度
I think it's quite erroneous, a bit suspicious of some of the patterns
但我觉得这幅地图有不可取的地方，我对其中的一些划分表示怀疑
Now, look at these continuous areas
先来看看这块连续的区域（浅绿）
and you can see that purple zone in the middle
这就是贯穿美国中部的那块紫色区域
they are defining and differentiating calling the big river
这个地区被单独划了出来命名为big river
Mississippi zone from Arkansas up through Minnesota
这一带是密西西比河流域从阿肯色贯穿至明尼苏达
Even look at Arkansas voting patterns and Minnesota patterns
但事实上阿肯色和明尼苏达的投票倾向
They're pretty different
是非常不同的
There are a lot of Democrats in Arkansas but they are Democrats of certain variety
阿肯色的确有很多民主党人，但这些民主党人也分为不同帮派
I'll talk about that in a little bit
稍后会向你们介绍
and this El Norte areas with a lot of Hispanic population
El Norte（棕色）分区居住着很多葡萄牙和西班牙人
That's a pretty gerrymandered districts in that sense
这种分区带有些不公正和主观的色彩

So it's an interesting attempt
也是种很有趣的尝试
But what I prefer is Gastner, Shalizi and Newman's final map
但让我更为欣赏的还是G,S,N的最终成品
where they take the county cartograms
那就是用县级数据做成的统计地图
and they put it into red blue color spectrum
使红蓝在图中互相融合
I just think this is a work of genius,it's beautiful
我认为这是天才之作，很漂亮
and you can spend amazing amount of time puzzling it out
足以让你投入大量的时间来研究其中的奥妙
What do you see
你从这幅地图中看到了什么
You see there's large part of the country which is purple splotches surrounded by red
你看到美国的很多地方都呈紫色斑状，并被红色环绕
What the purple splotches are
这些紫色的斑点都是些什么地方?
Cities, you can see Houston
是城市，例如休斯顿
You can see Dallas here
你还能看到达拉斯
you can see Memphis and Nashville and Louisville. You can see Indianapolis
孟菲斯，纳什维尔和路易斯维尔，还有印第安纳波利斯
Oh, that's Louisville. That's Nashville, that's Memphis
这是路易斯维尔，这里是纳什维尔，孟菲斯
Anyway, there's St. Louis, dark blue in the middle
还有圣路易，中间的这块深蓝色
Here's Columbus Ohio
还有俄亥俄州首府哥伦布
Here's Atlantis
以及亚特兰大周边
The Blackley or Atlanta very Democratic voting
布莱克利县和亚特兰大的民主党支持率，都非常高
The whiter areas, purple in between
右上方紫色中间出现白色的区域
You can see New Orleans clearly
你可以清晰地看到新奥尔良
you can see Washington Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York
你还能认出华盛顿，巴尔的摩，费城以及纽约
What I find most interesting though is the circular pattern you find in many areas
我发现了一个十分有趣的现象，那就是很多地方出现了红色圆圈
Take a place like Dallas
以达拉斯为例
So here's Dallas purple,in the middle vote for G. Bush but not by much
达拉斯地区的中部是紫色的，可见在达拉斯市区布什支持率不高
Then you get into the outer suburbs of Dallas a fast growing new suburb
而达拉斯市的外郊区，一个发展迅猛的新郊区周边
There you find many counties 70% up to 80% Republican voting
有很高的共和党支持率达到70%甚至80%的县
and you can see this same pattern around Atlanta to some degree
你在亚特兰大周边也能看见类似的情况

视频及简介

本课程结合大量地图，探索了美国总统大选（包括过去和现在）中的地理学，并且对仅仅简单把美国分为红州（共和党）和蓝州（民主党）这一说法提出挑战。现实中，美国社会两党的情况，远比这种简单的两分法要复杂。