听力文本

And I should mention too
我还要补充的一点是
Cleveland was a quintessential Bourbon Democrat
克里弗兰是个波旁派的民主党人
Very closely associated with the Wall Street interest
与华尔街利益有着十分密切的关系
And associate particularly with a hard money standard
对硬性货币依赖严重
He was the great proponent of moving to the gold standard
因此它是个不折不扣的黄金本位制倡议者
US had had what was called the bi-metal system, with dollar base both on gold and on silver
当时美国实行的是复本位制，即美元同时与金银两种金属挂钩
But the US was moving towards the gold standard at this time
但同时它正在向金本位制的趋势发展
Britain had moved to the gold standard
英国当时已建立了金本位制
The global economic system was moving to the gold standard
全球经济体系都在朝着金本位的趋势前进
And Wall Street banker and other certainly wanted this
这也正合了华尔街银行家们的意
They wanted the solidity of gold of hard money at this time
他们希望将黄金作为固定的硬性货币
And Grover Cleveland was in that sense their man
而克里弗兰无疑和他们坐在一条船上
Next election 1888, Grover Cleveland running again
1888年的大选，克里弗兰再次参选

Bejamin Harrison his opponent
与共和党的哈里森展开角逐
And the big issue was tariff reform
这次大选的焦点是关税改革
So Cleveland had been president, but he was not able to push through tariff reform
克里弗兰在他的任期内并未能有效地推动关税改革
As a Democrat, especially a Bourbon Democrat this time
作为波旁派的民主党人
He wanted low tariffs and tariffs were very high at this time
提倡将关税控制在低水平，而当时的关税却非常重
Often 40% on manufacture goods, sometimes even higher
对制成品征收的关税常高达40%，甚至更高
Low tariffs were something that farmers wanted
低关税符合农民
in the west and southerners wanted
及西部南部农场主的利益
and industrialist did not want
但对工业制造者则不利
and actually the new labor movement at this time was not happy about tariff reduction neither
而这时兴起的新劳工运动也同样抵制关税的削减
Because they feared there'll be more competition abroad
他们担心低关税将使国外产品更具竞争力
So that they could potentially lose their job
潜在地危害了劳工的就业机会
That was the big issue
这在当时利益攸关

视频及简介

这一集大致讲述了1920－1972年总统大选的历史与过程，主要以一战、1929大萧条、二战、美苏冷战为历史背景，穿插了西奥多罗斯福，富兰克林罗斯福，杜鲁门，肯尼迪等几位著名美国总统的竞选和执政经历。