听力文本

Spend some time in the central valley
若有机会造访中央谷地区
Go to Kern county or Tulare county
到科恩县或图莱里县看看
Many other states in the central valley
或者去中央谷地区的其他州看看
And you gonna find a lot of poverty
你会发现很多地方仍未摆脱贫困
And you have actually for a long time
这些情况会很常见
Some geographers will tell you that actually come from the nature of California agriculture
有些地理学家可能会说这是由加州农业的性质造成的
When you have very high demand for seasonal labor
当地对临时劳动力需求很高
And low demand for year-around labor
而对长期劳动力需求低
This is something we can talk about Ok comes into dashpot
这导致了我们看到的缓冲现象
We can talk about Mexico migrants now
以及墨西哥人口流动的现象
But it's the situation where there's a lot of employment for short period of time
这些现象都是由大量地雇佣短期工造成的
And that was generally correlated with high levels of poverty
而这也间接造成了这些地区的贫困
That comes from that agriculture economy
这种现象由农业经济模式决定的
One thing that's interesting is you can correlate this with that "red blue" map at all
另外一个有趣的现象是你也许能把这幅地图和红蓝地图联系上
You know, we have a swath in the southwest from Texas
如图可见一个从德州向西南延伸的狭长地带
Being also the second most inequal distributed wealth pattern in the country
该区域是仅次于加州的财富分配不平等的区域
And heavily Republican voting
该区域明显地倾向于共和党
We can see states that have low income inequality like Iowa classic purple state
看看收入差距较小的州如爱荷华向来被视作一个紫色州
Also red state like Wyoming in that same category
又如怀俄明，一个红州
So this is really hard to

似乎很难从中找到投票倾向的规律

What this map what correlate well with would be Hispanic population
这幅地图和西班牙裔人口分布联系紧密
Actually there's a pretty good fit to that map right now
事实上，他们之间的联系是很明显的
So North Carolina with a large Hispanic population
北加州生活着大量的西班牙人
And the states like Iowa with very low
而爱荷华州的西班牙人则很少
So all of this reflects somewhere recent immigration
这反映出收入差距与近代移民的关系
What if we look at the lower end of the income spectrum
回来看看收入较低的州的情况
So, this is by median household income
其中，收入指的是家庭收入的中位数
Percentage voting for George Bush in 2004
百分数是指该州04年布什的支持率
So we have from the poorest state second poorest, third poorest and so on
我们看到最穷州以及倒数第二，第三的州
So we can see Mississippi is the poorest state,
密西西比州是收入最低的
One thing is about it's about half of the median household income
其家庭收入中数只能达到
That we had in the wealthy states we saw before states like Maryland, Connecticut and so on
先前看到的富裕州，如马里兰州或康涅狄格州的一半左右
That's a big exaggeration
但这夸大了密西西比州的贫困情况
Because it's a lot cheaper to live in Mississippi
因为密西西比的生活成本比其他州低很多
So if we're actually taking it purchasing power parity
所以如果我们考虑到购买力的差异
Wealthy state like Maryland has about like one and half times the average income than the poor state like Mississippi
像马里兰这些富有的州平均收入约为密西西比等较贫穷州的1.5倍
By global standards that's not huge by any means
依照国际标准这种收入差距绝对不算大
That's substantial though
但也不小
And we certainly do find the poor states heavily voting for the Republican party
我们明显地看到在这些较穷的州共和党支持率都非常高
59% for George Bush here in Mississippi
密西西比有59%的人投票给乔治布什
62% we saw this before in Alabama
阿拉巴马则有62%
New Mexico which was razor edge in election in 2004
04年新墨西哥州的选情触人心弦
Bush barely barely winning is the one poor state. here that's in the purple category
布什差点在这个贫穷州获胜，这也是该列表中唯一一个紫色州
The rest are for presidential elections in the red camp, in the red category
其余州在大选中都是不折不扣的红色州
We can see the same thing in California at the county level
在加州的县级我们会看到类似情况
And this is per capita rather than household income
这里显示的是人均而不是家庭收入

视频及简介

本课程结合大量地图，探索了美国总统大选（包括过去和现在）中的地理学，并且对仅仅简单把美国分为红州（共和党）和蓝州（民主党）这一说法提出挑战。现实中，美国社会两党的情况，远比这种简单的两分法要复杂。