视听文本

Also in February 1921 the sailors of the Khronshtadt naval base on a island near Petrograd broke out in open revolt against the communists.
在1921年的2月，驻扎在一个离彼得格勒很近的海岛的喀琅施塔得海军基地的水手们爆发了反对共产党的公开叛乱
During the October 1917 revolution the Khronshtadt sailors had been Lenin's most devoted supporters in the military.
而在1917年10月革命时，喀琅施塔得水手曾是列宁军事上最忠实的支持者
In fact they had fired the October revolution's first shots from the cruiser Avrora.
实际上他们打响了来自巡洋舰'阿芙乐尔'号上的第一炮
Four years later 50,000 Red Army veterans had to put out the Khronshtadt revolt.
四年后 5万名红军老兵却不得不平息喀琅施塔得叛乱
10,000 of the Red Army's soldiers were killed in the process.
在这过程里有1万名红军士兵死亡
The surviving sailors were brutally punished.
侥幸活下来的水手都受到了残忍的惩罚
The lucky ones either escaped or were executed.
幸运的或者成功逃脱，或者被处以死刑

If even the communists' early supporters were deserting them
如果说，共产党早期的支持者都已经弃他们而去
it was a clear sign that war communism had outlived its usefulness.
那这是一个很明显的迹象，战时共产主义已经失去效力
It was time for Lenin to make nice which he will do after this cough drop.
列宁是时候采取缓和一些的政策了这是在采用了战时共产主义的止咳药之后需要做的事情
Segment 22d. The Soviet Union is Created.
第22段第四部分，创建苏联
The communists replaced war communism with the New Economic Policy, NEP for short, on March 21, 1921.
1921年3月21日，共产党用新经济政策取代了战时共产主义
The NEP guarded the alliance between workers and peasants, the xxx, upon which the communists based their power.
新经济政策维护了工人和农民之间的联盟，这是共产党权力建立的基础
It set a level of surplus grain or other agricultural product for the peasants to give to the state.
它规定了农民必须上缴国家的一定数量的余粮或其他农作物
The remaining surplus was dispensed of as the peasants pleased.
剩余的谷物农民可以自由支配

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了十月革命前的苏联。

原声视频：