视听文本

Just as it had done during the time of the Mongol Yoke, instead it just became another arm of the government.
正如俄国人在蒙古人枷锁下的表现一样，但是它却仅仅成为了政府的另一武器
For all of her encyclopedic learning,
凯瑟琳有着百科全书式的知识
Catherine the Great had largely diagnosed Russia's problems in here Nakaz of 1766, but only made them worse!
1766年在她的圣谕里诊断了俄国的问题，但这只让事情更糟
Her grandsons Alexander the First and Nicholas the First succeeded in making Russia the most respected military power in Europe
她的孙子亚历山大一世和尼古拉一世成功地让俄国变成了欧洲最受尊敬的军事国家
even though these Tsars recognized the economic and moral evils of serfdom, neither acted upon them.
即使沙皇们承认农奴制在经济和道德上的邪恶并没有一个人采取行动
Insisting on preserving their autocratic rights, they stunted the growth of a socially conscious intelligentsia.
他们坚持独裁统治，他们阻碍对社会问题有着深刻意识的知识分子的成长

Nicholas' unique contribution was a police state based on the mind numbing principle of official nationality: autocracy, nationality, and orthodoxy.
尼古拉独特的贡献是一个基于令人头脑麻木的官方民族性的原则也就是独裁统治，民族主义和东正教
Without a chance to play a responsible part in Russian public affairs, many talented young men and young women chose opposition and revolution.
因为没有机会在俄国的公共事务中施展拳脚，许多有才能的青年男女选择了反抗和革命
Alexander the Second made a commendable effort to liberate the serfs.
亚历山大二世做出了令人称道的解放农奴的决定
But he settled for half measures, which messed up his other attempted reforms.
但是并不是彻底的解放，也搅乱了他其他的尝试性的改革
Had he embraced some sort of constitutional monarchy,
他如果接受君主立宪制的话
he might have retained the support of the intelligentsia, and he might even had avoided getting blown up.
他也许还会保留着知识分子阶层的支持，也许就不至于被炸死了

视频及简介

课程介绍:

简述各小节内容，亚历山大二世的统治，尼古拉二世的统治，俄国参加一战及其影响，结语。

原声视频：