视听文本

Even though the Romans did not win every single battle in the first two centuries of the republican era,
尽管罗马共和国在前两个世纪中不是每场战役都获胜
they always wound up at the top at the end of the war.
他们总是在战争的最后取得胜利
Overall Roman armies proved so successful that they defeated more enemies
整个罗马军队都非常成功因此，他们打败的军队
and conquered more territory that they wound up with more ager publicas
占领的土地更多最后，他们赢得的土地很多
or public land than they really knew what to do with.
不知道该如何处理

The unorganized, scattered, random arrangements
罗马在取得胜利后
Roman made after winning her victories would rise up to haunt Rome in the end.
进行无组织，分散的随机安排这最终会影响罗马
Segment 7b: Mos Maiorum Way of our Elders.
7b 祖先的道路
Every nation prides itself on its core values.
所有国家都自豪于自己的核心价值观
A nation's real core values may differ from its official core values expressed in its laws.
国家真正的核心价值观可能在法律中和官方核心价值观不同
For instance, neither the constitution nor any US law states that countries which mess with the United States will regret it bitterly.
例如，宪法和美国法律都没有说干扰美国的哪些国家都将后悔不迭
Yet, it's one of America's core values that nobody messes with the United States without regretting it bitterly.
但是，美国的核心价值之一就是和美国捣乱的国家和个人都要为自己的所作所为懊悔不已
Americans also tend to believe that their individual political beliefs reflect the nation's core values.
美国人认为个人政治观念反映国家的核心价值观
For example, some interpret the writings of our founders as proof that America always was and always should be a Christian nation.
一些人把美国国父写的文件做出这样的解释，美国过去是，将来也会是基督教国家
Others use the writings of our founders as evidence that church and state should always remain completely separate.
另一些人用国父们的文件证明宗教和国家应该完全分离
Even though scholars have been reading and interpreting the writings of our founders for two centuries now,
尽管学者们一直在研读美国建立者们的文件至今已经持续二百多年了
I don't see Americans coming to a consensus on this question about the church-state relationship any time soon.
我认为美国人依然没有在宗教和国家问题上达成共识
The Romans prided themselves on having exactly the same core values as those held by their ancestors.
罗马人自豪于他们的价值观和先人的并无区别
The Romans were so sure that their core values
罗马人确定他们的核心价值观
lived in every Roman's heart that they didn't even have to be written down.
存在于每个罗马人心中因此不需要写出来
They were in the Roman blood.
这些价值观植根于他们的血液中
In Latin, the Romans referred to their ancient ancestral core values as the mos maiorum, the way of our elders.
在拉丁语中，罗马人把古老的祖先的核心价值观称作mos maiorum先人的道路
Immediately after birth, an infant Roman was laid on the ground
在出生以后罗马婴儿会被放在地上
for his or her father to acknowledge as his own.
以便让父亲承认这是他的孩子
The father alone decided whether to raise the child or not.
父亲独自决定是否抚养这个孩子
And if not, the child was abandoned.
如果不抚养的话，那么孩子就会被遗弃
This is a vivid illustration of what the Romans called patria potestas,
这生动地证明了罗马人的patria potestas
a father's absolute power over his wife and his children.
父亲对他的妻子和孩子拥有绝对权力
In his role as pater familias, the father made all the decisions with no input from anybody else.
在这种家庭中，父亲可以不听任何人的意见，做所有决定
He could decide who his children married.
他可以决定孩子的婚姻
He could give them up for adoption
可以遗弃孩子，让别人收养
or sell them into slavery.
或者把孩子卖为奴隶
He could even kill his children himself, if he wanted.
甚至可以杀死孩子如果他想的话
The father's power over his children and his wife lasted until the day he died.
父亲对孩子和妻子的权利一直持续到他死去
A man became a full fledged pater familias, only after his father died.
一个男人只有在父亲死后才能成为真正的一家之主
A father's power over his daughter lasted until the day she married into her husband's family.
父亲对女儿的控制权持续到女孩嫁到丈夫家
When a woman married into her husband's family, she then acquired her husband's pater familias.
一旦女人出嫁就处在丈夫家庭的家父控制之下
Note though that many Roman women obeyed their birth father rather than that of the family they married into.
但是很多罗马妇女服从他们的生父而不是夫家的命令。

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：