视听文本

But just when all appears to be lost,
但是一切都失去的时候
the peasants and the nobility hear the Russia Orthodox Church's call, and they drive the hated invaders out.
农民和贵族听了俄罗斯东正教的号召，他们将讨厌的侵略者驱逐出去
This sense of unity involved in this process is best described by the term "Holy Russia".
在此过程中的团结最能用“神圣俄罗斯”一词来形容
Unfortunately the feeling did not last for long.
不幸的是这种感觉并没有持续太久
Segment 17b: Gathering the Lands.
17节B：征收土地
The face of Eastern Europe began to change in the 1300s A.D.
在公元14世纪，东欧开始改变

In the first place, the Mongol Empire and its spinoff, the Golden Hoard, were starting to disintegrate.
首先，蒙古帝国以及它的附属国金帐汗国开始分裂
The Golden Hoard had watched happily as the major Rus's principalities were shattered by the practice of appanage.
金帐汗国很乐意看到俄罗斯主要的公国因为实施了封地而四分五裂
Now, in the 14th century, they depended on the Russians themselves to collect tribute and to help them fight off invasions from the West.
14世纪，他们依靠俄罗斯人获得贡品，帮助他们抵御来自西方的侵略
We've already mentioned the invasions of the Swedish and the Teutonic Knights, both stopped by Prince Alexander Nevsky in the 1240's.
我们已经提到了瑞典的侵略以及条顿骑兵团，他们在13世纪40年代被亚历山大大公击退
More dangerous yet was the pagan principality of Lithuania which had recently converted back from Christianity.
更危险的是异教徒的立陶宛公国最近又转回信天主教，不信基督教
Under Gedima Nasagirdas, 1345 to 1377, Lithuania built a huge empire reaching from the Baltic Sea south to the Black Sea.
1345年到1377年格迪米纳斯统治之下，立陶宛建造了一个从波罗的海向南到黑海的巨大的帝国

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：