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Brezhnev was already likely senile when Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan in December 1979;
1979年12月苏维埃军队入侵阿富汗的时候，勃列日涅夫可能已经衰老了
his aged successors Andropov and Chernenko were unable to get the troops out of Afghanistan or do anything to save the fast declining Soviet state.
他的上了年纪的继任者安德罗波夫和契尔年科都无法将军队撤出阿富汗，或者采取其它行动来挽救这个快速衰落的苏维埃国家
Segment 25d Fall of the Soviet Empire gives us the end of the USSR as we know it. It fell apart.
25段第四部分，苏维埃帝国的衰落，我们都知道苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟的结果，它解体了
The republics all ultimately seceded, using a right granted them by none other than Vladimir Lenin himself when the Soviet Union was founded.
附庸国最后都退出了，弗拉基米尔·列宁在创办苏联的时候就赋予了它们退出的权利
Isn't it ironic? In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev inherited a regime with a stagnant economy,
这难道不讽刺么 1985年，米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫继承了政权，当时经济萧条

massive and expensive military commitments, a corrupt and top-heavy bureaucracy, and a populace that no longer cared about anything.
军事承诺众多并且昂贵，官僚作风腐败，头重脚轻，和对一切都已漠不关心的人民
By introducing perestroika, or restructuring to the economy, and glasnost, or openness, to political life,
戈尔巴乔夫引入了经济与政治体制的改革重塑经济结构，提倡政策的开放性
Gorbachev hoped to jolt the Soviet Union back on the path toward Communism and it didn't work.
希望能够让苏联重回迈向共产主义的正途上，却并未见效
Segment 25b Homo Sovieticus
25段第二部分，苏维埃人种
As the Soviet state approached its fiftieth birthday in 1967, it could look with pride on some of its accomplishments.
在1967年，苏联将要迎来50岁生日，此时它已经可以骄傲地回顾自己的成就

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了柏林墙倒塌，苏联解体等。

原声视频：