视听文本

Although Russians of all political persuasions, socialists, all the way through to rightists, initially supported the Tsarist regime,
虽然各政治派别，社会主义者，直到右派，最初都支持沙皇政权
Nicholas the Second managed to squander this good will with his insistence on retaining all autocratic power.
尼古拉二世最终却通过坚持独裁而浪费了这一片好意
Yet when the February Revolution sprang up in St. Petersburg,
但是当二月革命在圣彼得堡发生的时候
Nicholas meekly abdicated the throne and accepted his fate with resignation.
尼古拉却非常顺从地退位了并且没有任何反抗地接受了他的命运
Segment 20b: Tsars and Terrorists. Unlike his father, Nicholas the First,
片段20b：沙皇和恐怖分子，与他的父亲尼古拉一世不同

Alexander the Second who ruled 1855-1881 had little interest in the military.
1855到1881统治的亚历山大二世对军事并没有太大的兴趣
The Crimean War had not only exhausted and humiliated Russia, it had pointed out dangerous structural flaws in Russian government and Russian culture.
克里米亚战争不仅使俄国耗尽了国力并遭受了屈辱，还暴露了俄国政府的结构性问题，还有俄国文化的问题
After getting Russia out of the war in 1856, Alexander had to address internal issues like serfdom, education, serfdom, industry, serfdom, bureaucracy, and serfdom.
1856年战争结束后亚历山大不得不着手解决国内问题，如农奴制，教育，农奴制，工业化，农奴制
Those Russians who had obtained a liberal education, the so-called intelligentsia,
官僚机构，还是农奴制，接受过自由主义教育的俄国人，所谓的知识分子
although alienated by Nicholas the First, also understood that Russia had a problem.
虽然不受尼古拉一世的重视，他们也清楚俄国存在着问题
They pledged their support.
他们保证要付出努力帮助解决问题

视频及简介

课程介绍:

简述各小节内容，亚历山大二世的统治，尼古拉二世的统治，俄国参加一战及其影响，结语。

原声视频：