视听文本

...himself received five years of proconsular imperium in Rome's two Gallic provinces.

而凯撒自己获得了在高卢两省五年的地方总督统治权，

Building a client army of thirty thousand men,

他建立了一支三万人的职业军队，

Cesar conquered and pacified almost the entire area of France,

征服并平定了整片目前法国，

Belgium, and the Netherlands, along with coastal areas of Britain.

比利时和荷兰的土地，以及英国的沿海地区。

To ensure that everyone back home knew about his great achievements,

为了让国内所有人知道他的赫赫战功，

Caesar published a series of commentaries or books about his Gallic Wars.

凯撒发表了一系列关于他的高卢战争的评论或者书籍，

A Roman public relations first.

这是罗马的第一次。

While the members of the Senate's aristocratic faction, or optimates, seethed,

公关行为，尽管元老院的贵族派系成员，也就是各元老怒不可遏，

the minions of the so-called First Triumvirate maintained their stranglehold on Roman politics.

所谓的前三头同盟的成员还是一直控制着罗马的政治

Predictably, friction arose between Pompey and Crassus,

可以预见，庞培和克拉苏之间渐起嫌隙，

but Caesar held the deal together in fifty five BC by renewing the agreement.

但是凯撒公元前55年更新了他们的协议继续维持了他们的关系，

Pompey got proconsular imperium in Spain and Crassus got proconsular imperium in the East.

庞培获得西班牙统治权，克拉苏获得东方统治权。

Pompey had been there and done that and decided to stay home in Rome and rule Spain through his lieutenants,

庞培去过也统治过西班牙，所以决定留在罗马，通过自己的部下统治西班牙，

beating Mithradates was a hard act to top.

战胜米特里达提的战功很难超越。

But Crassus yearned to match Caesar's and Pompey's successes.

但是克拉苏急于追上凯撒和庞培的战功。

He unwisely picked a fight with the Parthian Empire and was killed in 53 BC.

于是极不明智地和帕提亚帝国开战结果于公元前53年被杀。

Now that the Triumvirate was down to two people,

现在三头只剩两头，

the Senatorial optimates began to pit Pompey against Caesar.

元老会元老开始挑拨庞培和凯撒反目。

For Caesar it was essential to be elected consul of forty nine BC.

对于凯撒来说能被选为公元前49年的执政官至关重要，

It would give him a year's worth of time to settle old accounts with the Senatorial optimates and their new pal Pompey.

这能给他一年的时间和元老会元老以及他们的新伙伴庞培。

But the mos maiorum dictated that Caesar would have to lay down his proconsular imperium,

清算旧账，但是按照惯例，凯撒得放弃地方总督统治权，

enter Rome as a private citizen,

以普通公民的身份回到罗马

and only then campaign for himself.

然后才能参加竞选，

But the instant Caesar set foot in Rome without his imperium or his troops,

但是自凯撒没有统治权也不带军队回到罗马的第一刻，

he knew he'd be dragged into court over and over again until his political career was ruined.

就知道他会被一次次的带进法庭直到自己的政治生命被毁掉。

And this was of course, precisely what the Senate was hoping for.

这当然正是元老院所希望的。

It commanded Caesar to abandon his Gallic command and come back home as a private citizen by himself.

元老院命凯撒放弃对高卢的统治只身一人作为公民回到罗马。

Instead, in January forty nine, Cesar brought down his legions from Gaul, crossed the Rubicon river,

但是凯撒没有这么做，前49年一月凯撒从高卢南下，穿过卢比肯河

and started the Civil War of forty eight to forty six BC.

发动了前48年到46年的内战。

Segment ten D: Fall of the Roman Republic.

第十部分D: 罗马共和国的陨落

Late in fifty BC, the Senate ordered Caesar to arrive in Rome minus his proconsular imperium and minus his client army.

公元前50年代末，元老院命凯撒放弃地方总督统治权并不带军队回到罗马。

Civil war was Caesar's only viable option.

发动内战是凯撒唯一可行的选择。

Aware that outside of a few Senatorial diehards,

凯撒知道除了一些元老院死硬分子，

nobody actually wanted this war, he wanted to limit the collateral damage to the Roman state.

没人想要这场战争，他想限制战争对罗马城邦的附带损害，

Despite dire rumors of upcoming proscriptions and other assorted nastiness,

尽管有可怕的传言，说将会有死刑公告，以及其他各种可怕传言，

Caesar announced that any combatant surrendering to him could return home unharmed.

但是凯撒宣布任何士兵只要投降于他就可以安然回到家中。

This policy of clementia or clemency allowed many Pompeian supporters to escape.

这种仁慈政策使得很多庞培派得以逃脱，

But it also won Caesar a great deal of popular support.

但是也给凯撒赢得了很多人民的支持，

Most Romans really did just want to be left alone.

大部分罗马人真的只想置身事外，

Caesar also worked to pretend that he was not a warlord at the head of a client army,

凯撒还尽量装作他不是领导职业军队的军阀，

he was just seeking a peaceful solution to Rome's political problems.

而只是在寻求和平方法解决罗马的政治问题，

Even so, he worked very quickly.

尽管如此，他行动地很快。

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：