视听文本

Lenin's right hand man Trotsky became commissar for foreign affairs.
列宁的得力助手托洛茨基变成了外交人民委员
The Georgian Stalin became commissar for nationalities.
格鲁吉亚人斯大林变成了民族委员
Given the sad performance of their provisional government,
鉴于之前临时政府的惨淡经营，
Russians and foreigners alike thought this new Bolshevik government would fail too.
俄国人民同外国人都认为这个新的布尔什维克政府也会失败
And in fact it did, 74 years later.
事实上，74年后的确是这样的
That same night Lenin had the Sovnarkom pass two major decrees.
就在当天晚上列宁让人民委员理事会通过了两条主要法令
The decree on land abolished all private property and awarded all land to the peasants.
土地方面的法令废除所有私人财产将所有的土地分给农民
Just how the land was to be distributed wasn't important.
而土地要如何分配，这并不重要

Lenin had kept his promise.
列宁兑现了他的诺言
The decree on peace called for peace without annexations or payment of reparations.
和平法令呼吁不附带吞并或赔款的和平
Unfortunately for Russia the Central Powers were winning the war on the Eastern front even before the Russian army fell apart.
对俄国来说，不幸的是，同盟国在东欧战线已取得胜利，而那时俄国军队还未四分五裂
As we will discuss in the next lecture the Germans in fact held all of the cards.
我们下节课将会探讨到，实际上德国人操纵着所有的牌
On November 2 Lenin and the Commissar for nationalities, Joseph Stalin,
在11月2日列宁和民族委员约瑟夫·斯大林
signed the declaration of rights of the peoples of Russia proposing the following:
签订了俄国各族人民权利宣言，提议如下:
One, equality and sovereignty of all peoples of the former Russian empire,
第一，前俄罗斯帝国各族人民享有平等和主权
Two, the rights of the former Russian empire's people to political self-determination including the formation of separate states,
第二，前俄罗斯帝国人民的政治自决权，包括建立独立国家

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了十月革命前的苏联。

原声视频：