视听文本

In the best Roman tradition they fought against each other until only one,
和罗马传统一样，他们互相争战，直到一个儿子胜出。
Constantius the second ruled, 337 to 361 AD, survived. Being of the Arian persuasion himself,
这个人就是君士坦丁二世，他信仰阿里乌斯教，
Constantius fought hard against the orthodox view his father had adopted at Nicaea in 325.
和他的父亲325年在尼西亚城所立的正统信仰做了激烈的斗争。
Constantius the second was challenged and eventually succeeded by his nephew Julian ruled 361 to 363 AD,
后来君士坦丁二世帝位受到挑战，最终他的侄子朱利安(361-363)继位统治罗马。
better known as Julian the Apostate.
人们更熟悉“背教者朱利安”。
All this time Julian had merely pretended to be Christian in order to preserve his life.
朱利安之前一直假装是基督徒以保住性命，
Once Emperor he tried to bring back that good old time Greco-Roman religion slathered with a healthy dose of neo-platonic funkiness or flavour.
成为皇帝后，他努力想恢复昔日的希腊罗马宗教，带有一丝浓厚的新柏拉图哲学派的痕迹或味道。

Julian had hoped to eclipse the Christian religion but in fact the pagan relation he advocated was all but dead itself.
朱利安希望削弱基督教，但是他所推崇的文化本身已经死亡了。
Julian's invasion of Persia fared no better,
朱利安入侵波斯也同样不顺利，
like many of his predecessors Julian saw the need for a pre-emptive strike on Persia.
和他的前任皇帝一样，朱利安认为入侵波斯需要先发制人。
He had also become convinced that he really was the re-incarnation of Alexander the Great
同时他坚信自己就是亚历山大大帝的转世，
but after Julian was killed in battle in 363 AD the Roman Empire would be ruled only by Christians.
但他363年死在波斯战场上。从那以后，罗马帝国的统治者都是基督信徒。
Segment 14c: East vs. West.
14章 第三部分 东西罗马比较
The Last Roman Emperor to rule the whole Empire was Theodosius the first, 379 to 395 AD,
罗马帝国的最后一个统一皇帝是狄奥多西一世(379-395)，
who came to power just after Rome's first great battle with the Goths.
他在罗马和哥特人进行的第一次伟大战役后获得权力。
The Gothic tribes had been driven out of the modern day Ukraine by an Eastern people called the Huns,
哥特部落被东部的匈奴人，赶出了现在的乌克兰地区，
the Goths hoped the Romans would let them settle on Roman land south of the Danube.
哥特人希望罗马人能够收留他们，在多瑙河南部的罗马境内定居下来。
The Emperor Valens agreed, hoping to add to Roman tax receipts and enlarge the Roman Empire
瓦伦斯皇帝同意了。为了增加罗马税收，扩大罗马帝国，
he admitted more Goths into into the Empire than the land could support.
他同意哥特人进入罗马帝国，但是涌进的哥特人超过了土地的承受能力。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：