视听文本

First, Peter needed to conquer a site for the Western port he coveted.
首先，彼得需要攻下一片他觊觎的土地来发展西式的港口
Peter's first campaign against the Swedes in 1700 ended in disaster.
彼得第一次对瑞典的讨伐以失败告终
The poorly trained Russian army ran in terror from the smaller, but more disciplined force of King Charles the 12th.
俄罗斯松散的军队面对查尔斯十二世训练有素的军队时，吓得四处逃窜
For some bizarre reason Charles the 12th then turned his back on Russia and then declared war on Poland.
因为某些奇怪的原因，他们后来放弃了俄国，向波兰宣战
This decision gave Peter more time to modernize the Russian army
这一事件给了彼得更多时间来改造现代化的军队
and to conquer a swampy patch on the Baltic Sea where, in 1703, the city of St. Petersburg was founded.
从而霸占波罗的海上的一片湿地，在1703年，他建立了圣彼得堡

Whatever time, money, and energy Peter could spare for his wars against Sweden was devoted to this new obsession.
原本投在与瑞典战争的时间，精力和金钱，他全部投入到圣彼得堡上
In 1707, Peter even offered to give to Charles the 12th practically everything on the Baltic Sea but St. Petersburg and the land connecting it to the rest of Russia,
1707年，彼得甚至将除圣彼得堡以外的波罗的海和其与俄罗斯相连的土地之外的其他区域全部拱手让给了查尔斯十二世
but Charles was block headed.
但是查尔斯也不好打发
He invaded Russia in 1708.
他于1708年攻打俄国
Given Russia's lack of natural defenses, Peter resorted to a time honored Russian tactic,
由于俄罗斯缺乏天然防御，彼得采用了一个俄罗斯特有的手段
retreating, and leaving nothing behind him but scorched earth and devastation.
就是撤退得干干净净，销毁一切敌军可利用之物
He drew Charles the 12th ever deeper into Russia and farther away from his lines of supply and Sweden.
他将查尔斯十二世引入了俄罗斯深处，远离他的粮草大军和瑞典本土

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本课介绍了俄国历史上著名的几位统治者和他们对俄国发展作出的贡献，反映了14-17世纪间俄国的政治、经济与文化发展。

原声视频：