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Yet, the lower classes got at least a little bit of respect.
但是下层阶级至少可以得到一点点尊重
When Ivan the Terrible formed Russia's first standing army, the Streltsy in the 1550's,
伊凡雷帝建立了俄国的第一支常备军——16世纪50年代的骑兵团
they were recruited from the lower classes because the lower classes were considered more loyal.
他们都来自下层，因为下层阶级被认为更忠诚
And for all that, the peasants actually preferred to be ruled by an autocratic monarch.
尽管如此，农民们实际上更愿意接受专制的君主统治
4, Holy Russia. This was the high point of the Orthodox Church's influence on Russia.
四，神圣俄罗斯，这是东正教对俄罗斯影响的高潮
First, Orthodoxy was the religious faith of almost all Russians,
首先，东正教是几乎所有俄罗斯人的宗教信仰
the Muslims of the conquered Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates being the one exception.
信仰伊斯兰教的喀山和阿斯特拉罕汗国的穆斯林除外

As the masses of peasants embraced Orthodoxy, Orthodoxy became Russian to meet their unique spiritual needs.
随着农民都拥护东正教，东正教开始满足俄罗斯人独特的精神需求
We'll explain the consequences in the next lecture.
我们会在下一讲中讲解结果
Second, Orthodoxy was a unifying force in Russian political life.
其次，东正教在俄罗斯的政治生活中是一股团结的力量
When Russia seemed doomed to crumble under the Swedish and Polish invasions,
当俄罗斯在瑞典和波兰的入侵下就要瓦解时，
the call for resistance came out from the St. Sergius-Trinity Monastery.
圣塞尔阿斯发出呼吁，号召抵御侵略
Miraculously, the union of peasants, nobles, and orthodox church, drove the invaders out,
奇迹般地，农民，贵族和东正教的联盟将侵略者驱逐了出去
proving the existence of a unique Russian national identity.
证明了俄罗斯民族独特的民族特性，
But was Russia truly the Third Rome, destined to bring peace and Orthodoxy Christianity to the world? We'll find out.
但俄罗斯是不是真正的第三罗马，会不会给世界带来和平和正统基督教，请听下回分解

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：