视听文本

Even though the elections were still rigged in favor of the Communists,
尽管选举仍然被暗中操作偏向共产党
they also brought even more serious reformers politicians into power, regionally and nationally.
但还是让更多严肃的改革政治家得到了地方和国家上的权力，
Yeltsin, now estranged from Gorbachev, won himself a seat in the new Congress of People's Deputies and started playing his own game for power.
叶利钦，当时已经和戈尔巴乔夫疏远了，在人民代表大会中赢得了一个席位，开始了自己的权力游戏
Gorbachev's unwillingness to use military force hastened the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
戈尔巴乔夫不愿意使用军事力量，加速了苏联的解体
One of his spokesmen even joked about a "Sinatra doctrine,"
他的一个发言人甚至开玩笑地提出了辛纳屈主义
in which the client states of the iron curtain could have whatever government they liked — doing it "their way."
即铁幕的附庸国可以自行决定自己的内政政策——走自己的路

Hungary was the first client state to go its own way, followed by Czechoslovakia and Poland.
匈牙利是第一个走自己的路的附庸国，随后是捷克斯洛伐克和波兰
When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the former client states shed their Communist regimes, demands for serious reform grew faster in the Soviet Union.
1989年柏林墙倒塌，前附庸国纷纷摆脱了共产主义政权，苏联内部进行严肃改革的呼声更高了
At the same time, non-Russian minority groups throughout the USSR demanded independence, much as Stalin had foreseen nearly 70 years earlier.
与此同时，苏联内的非俄罗斯少数群体要求独立，正如斯大林在70年前就预料到的那样
The Baltic Republics of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia,
波罗的拉脱维亚共和国、立陶宛和爱沙尼亚
which had been forced into the Soviet Union as a result of Stalin's agreement with Germany, lead the way out of the Soviet Union.
都是由于斯大林与德国达成协议而被迫加入苏联的，如今都纷纷退出了苏联

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了柏林墙倒塌，苏联解体等。

原声视频：