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And since communism was a universal religion,
既然共产主义已经成了普遍的宗教，
Marx, Lenin and Stalin were billed not only as the greatest people of modern times but in fact of all human history.
马克思，列宁和斯大林不仅仅被宣传成为当代，还成了人类历史上最伟大的人
Four. Nationalism and the Bolsheviks.
四，民族主义和布尔什维克
One of the rare instances of Lenin's sincere good will was his view on the question of nationalities.
列宁身上罕见的善意的一面是他在民族问题上的看法
To Lenin it was hypocritical for Russian communists to insist that national minorities
很多俄国共产党坚持将乌克兰人，波兰人，格鲁吉亚人，白俄罗斯人等少数民族
like Ukrainians, Poles, Georgians, Belarusians, for example, remain part of a Russian communist nation.
视为俄罗斯共产主义民族的一部分，对列宁来说，这是相当伪善的行为
Thus, Lenin supported national independence for all of Russia's national minorities
因此，列宁支持俄罗斯各族人民的民族独立

which put him at odds with his commissar for nationalities, Joseph Stalin.
这让他同他的民族委员长，约瑟夫·斯大林产生了分歧
Lenin's argument was that Marx's world revolution would be happening any day now
列宁的主张是，马克思的世界革命可能在任一天发生
and the new communist governments would cheerfully give way to Russia's communist government until the communist paradise arrived.
新生的各国共产主义政府在共产主义天堂到来的时候，将十分乐意将权力交给俄罗斯共产主义政府
That is that everybody would want to follow Lenin's orders too.
也就是说，那时候人人也都会愿意听从列宁的命令
Eventually the Soviet Union was established on precisely that principle: a grouping of republics with Russia as the first among equals.
最终苏联成立了正是基于这一原则：共和国众生平等，只有俄罗斯高高在上
Yet the escape clause Lenin insisted on including,
而列宁坚持的例外条款
allowing unhappy republics to secede from the Soviet Union would in fact lead to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991.
包括若不愿继续加入，共和国可以退出苏联，这实际上也导致了苏联1991年的解体

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了十月革命前的苏联。

原声视频：