视听文本

But you should have a pretty good idea of how ineffective the provisional government truly was.
但你该清楚地了解到实际上临时政府是多么地无能
It basically turned into the dictatorship of the self-adorning blowhard Alexander Kerensky.
它基本上变成了自我吹捧亚历山大·克伦斯基的独裁政权
Segment 21c. "Lenin and the Bolsheviks".
21段第三部分 "列宁和布尔什维克党"
The Bolshevik party started in 1903 in London, England of all places.
布尔什维克党于1903年在英国伦敦创立
Since Russia's political parties were still officially illegal,
由于政党在俄国仍是非法存在的
the Russian Social Democratic Parties convention had to take place far from the Russian secret police.
俄罗斯社会民主党大会不得不在某个远离俄国秘密警察的地方召开

As devout Marxists the Social Democrats believed in Karl Marx's forecast of a world revolution.
社会民主党也是热忱的马克思主义者，他们相信卡尔·马克思对世界革命的预测
They agreed with Marx that the Russian working class, the proletariat and not the sluggish peasants, would be at the forefront of the Russian revolution.
他们同意马克思的观点，认为即将成为俄国革命先锋的不是怠惰的农民，而是工人阶级
On nearly everything else they disagreed strongly.
而几乎在其他的所有事情，他们持强烈的不同意见
At the 1903 London congress Russia's socialist split into two factions.
在1903年伦敦代表大会上，俄国的社会主义者分裂成两部分
One was the Menshevik or minority faction which stood for business as usual,
一部分是孟什维克或者少数派同过去一样，代表企业利益，
discussing theory and tactics, waiting for the proletariat to show up and signing up anyone who wanted to help.
探讨理论和策略，等待着无产阶级登上舞台，将所有有意愿的人吸纳到组织中来

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了十月革命前的苏联。

原声视频：