视听文本

Thus most of his recruits were, in fact,

所以事实上他招募的大多是

landless poor citizens, either Roman or from allied cities, to whom he offered large signing bonuses

来自罗马或者同盟城市没有土地的穷公民他答应给予大量奖金

and promised land upon discharge. He also promised citizenship to large bodies of soldiers recruited from allied cities. Once Jugurtha had been captured,

并保证退伍后分地给他们，他同时保证让同盟城市招募的战士成为公民，多亏了苏拉的帮助

thanks mainly to Sulla, and the war ended in one zero six BC, trouble erupted in northern Italy.

朱古达被俘，战争于公元前106年结束但北意大利马上爆发了问题

Germanic tribes had been knocking around the Alps for several years, beating up any Roman armies

日耳曼部落在阿尔卑斯山周围伺机了很多年，打退了派来的所有

sent to face them. Holding the consulship twice in a row was against the mos maiorum, but the situation here was desperate. Since Rome needed

罗马军队，连续两次获得执政权这是跟祖制不符的，但是那里的情况很让人绝望因为罗马需要

both Marius and his army, he was elected four times

马吕斯和他的军队，他连续四次

in a row to the consulship, one zero four,

当选执政官，分别为104年

one zero three, one zero two, one zero one.

103年 102年 101年

The Germanic tribes defeated, Marius managed to

日耳曼部落被打退了，马吕斯再次

get elected consul for one hundred BC but proved unable to gain any benefits for his faithful troops.

于公元前100年当选执政官但是他无法为他忠诚的军队获得任何好处

Rome was now in a tight spot, because these veteran

罗马现在处于紧要关头，因为这些老兵

soldiers had been recruited, trained, commanded

由马吕斯招募，训练，下达命令，发薪水

and paid by Marius, they may have been more loyal to their patron Marius than to Rome. Revolution

相比对罗马而言，他们对保护人马吕斯更加忠诚

was not out of the question. Still Marius folded

革命并不是问题

his cards, dismissed his client army, and went

但马吕斯并没有出这张牌，他解散了个人军队

into retirement. He'd be back.

退休了，他会回来的

At the same time, Rome's Italian allies were becoming upset by their unfair treatment.

同一时候，罗马的意大利同盟对受到的不公平待遇变得很不满

From the beginning of Rome's expansion,

从罗马的扩张开始

allied city-states were forced to contribute men and

同盟城市被逼进贡男人和金钱

money to Rome's foreign wars. Toward the end of the second Punic War, some estimates state that

给罗马在外的战争在第二次布匿战争尾声，数据显示

two thirds of Rome's forces consisted of soldiers

估计罗马军队的三分之二来自

from allied Italian cities. The allies were carrying out

同盟意大利城市

their part of the peace treaties and more,

同盟施行了和平条约还做了很多其它工作

but received next to nothing in return, no war profits,

但却没有获得任何回报，没有战争利益

no distribution of lands, the public lands called the

没有分得公共土地

ager publicus, no bounties, no prisoners of war to serve as slaves. And certainly no rights. Just before

没有奖金，没有战俘给他们当奴隶当然也没有权利

his murder in one twenty one BC, Gaius Gracchus

在公元前121年盖约格拉古被杀之前

had advocated granting full Roman citizenship to all of peninsular Italy, all that got him was killed

他提议给意大利半岛完全罗马公民权他因为这个被杀

In ninety one BC, another tribune,Marcus Livius Drusus,

公元前91年，另一位护民官苏斯

introduced legislature leading to full Roman

引进了立法机构

citizenship for all Italians. All that got him was assassinated. The murder of Livius Drusus led to

给予所有意大利人完全罗马公民权他因这个被杀，苏斯的死

the Social War of ninety one to eighty eight BC.

导致了公元前91年至88年的同盟者战争

Once it was clear that Rome would never willingly

既然很明显罗马永不愿意

allow Italian allies the full citizenship,Italian tribes such as the Samnites seceded from Rome, and

意大利同盟获得完全公民权意大利部落例如萨谟奈人脱离罗马

formed a nation they called Italia. Just as the

成立了新的国家叫意大利

Confederate States of America was a near carbon

正如美利坚联盟国几乎是

copy of the good old USA, Italia was a near mirror copy of Rome. Just like the American Civil War,

过去的美国很好的副本意大利几乎与罗马一样，就像美国内战

the fighting between Rome and Italia was as vicious

罗马与意大利之间的斗争既错误又愚蠢

as it was idiotic. How it might have ended is a mystery

它将如何结束是一个迷

Destiny intervened in the form of a terrorist attack

命运以米特拉达梯发动的公布袭击

by King Mithridates of Pontus. This is were the Roman theme music comes in.

干涉，这时可以响起罗马主题音乐

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：