视听文本

Sophia was sent back to the convent for good, giving Peter the free hand he needed to start Westernizing Russia.
索菲亚被永远地送回了修道院，这让彼得西化俄国的进程不再受干扰
Peter's first initiative was intentionally drastic.
彼得故意让第一次改变非常激烈
He outlawed the long beards, and outlawed the long, flowing, caftans which were part of a Boyar's traditional dress.
他宣布长胡子为不合法，并且取消了波雅尔有腰带的长袖衣服的传统服饰
Peter preferred going clean shaven and wearing Western clothes.
彼得要人们把胡子刮干净，穿西方人的服饰
And he expected his Court to do likewise.
他要求他的宫廷内外都这样做
Peter also made changes to the Russian Orthodox Church.
彼得也改变了俄罗斯东正教会

When the Patriarch of Moscow died in 1700,
1700年莫斯科大主教去世时
Peter refused to let a new Patriarch be elected, which left the Church effectively headless.
彼得拒绝加冕新的主教，这让东正教群龙无首
Shortly before his death, Peter put the Church in the hands of a Holy Senate of ten churchmen appointed by the Tsar.
在他死前不久，彼得把教会交到了由沙皇指定的十人组成的神圣参议会手中
Orthodoxy would always remain at the center of Russian life,
东正教永远是俄罗斯人生活的重心
but from this point on it would also be an instrument of the Tsar's government.
但是从那时开始，它也成了沙皇政府的一个工具
Peter's greatest dream was to establish what he called a "Window on the Baltic".
彼得最伟大的梦想就是建立所谓的"波罗的海之窗"
In Kievan-Rus's earliest days, Great Novgorod, although inland itself, had been a great center of Baltic sea trade.
在基辅罗斯早期，大诺夫哥罗德城虽然是个内陆城市，但已经是波罗的海地区的贸易重心
Ivan the Terrible had opened up the port of Arkhangelsk in 1553, but it was ice blocked half the year.
伊凡雷帝在1553年开放了阿尔汉格尔斯克港口，但是它有半年都被冰封住
Ivan's attempt to find a Baltic outlet resulted in the disastrous Livonian War.
伊凡想要在波罗的海周边找一个出口，最终导致了可怕的立窝尼亚战争

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本课介绍了俄国历史上著名的几位统治者和他们对俄国发展作出的贡献，反映了14-17世纪间俄国的政治、经济与文化发展。

原声视频：