视听文本

In 1550, Ivan revised the code of laws or Sudebnik, started by his granfather, Ivan the Great.
1550年伊凡修改了法条——也就是他祖父伊凡大帝开创的法典。
On the whole, Ivan's reforms were a positive step for everyone but the poor peasants
总的说来，伊凡改革对除了贫穷的农民以外的每个人而言都是积极的一步，
who now found it even harder to leave the land that they worked on.
这些农民现在更难离开他们耕种的土地。
In 1551, Ivan began to show a decided conservative streak.
1551年伊凡开始展现出明显的保守倾向。
He called a council of the Russian Orthodox Church to purify the Russian Orthodox religion of outside influences.
他让俄罗斯东正教会净化俄罗斯东正教的宗教信仰，使其不受外来的影响。
In 1559, Ivan published the Domostroy, a restrictive guide on every aspect of proper Russian family conduct.
1559年伊凡出版了一本限制家庭行为方方面面的行为指南。

Ivan the Fourth, Ivan the Terrible, also furthered the family tradition of gathering other people's lands.
伊凡四世，伊凡雷帝推进征收别人的土地的家庭传统。
Early in the 1550's, he established the Streltsy, or Shooters,
早在16世纪50年代他就建立了禁卫骑兵或是射手团，
a body of highly trained gun men recruited from the lower classes
是一批从下层中挑选出来的、训练有素的枪手
which served as Russia's first standing army and was commanded by the Tsar.
来作为俄罗斯第一支由沙皇指挥的常备部队。
The Streltsy played an important part in Ivan's two great conquests, the Khanate of Kazan in 1552 and the Khanate of Astrakhan in 1556.
禁卫军在伊凡1552年对喀山汗国和1556年对阿斯特拉罕汗国的两次征战中发挥了重要的作用。
So pleased was Ivan with the first of these victories that he ordered the building of the Cathedral of the Intercession on the Mound,
伊凡对第一场胜利非常满意，他命令建造华西里·柏拉仁诺大教堂，
better known even in Ivan's time as St. Basil's Cathedral.
在伊凡统治时期更多地被称为圣巴西尔大教堂。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：