视听文本

But Desoto and Coronado
不过德索托和科罗纳多
both left behind an important legacy;
都留下了很重要的遗产
dozens of Spanish horses
几十匹西班牙马
which bred rapidly
在那里迅速繁殖
and enabled the plains Indians
使得印第安人
to become excellent horsemen
在很短的时间内
in a very short period of time.
成为了优秀的骑手

Other European powers;
别的欧洲国家
the other European powers
别的欧洲国家
envied the American wealth
很羡慕美洲的财富
pouring into Spain and Portugal.
源源不断地进入西班牙和葡萄牙
They tried mostly ineffectively to catch up.
他们努力想要赶上，虽然没有多大成效
As Spain pushed up
随着西班牙
from Central America
在中美进行扩张
the French and British explored
法国和英国
the northern portions of North America.
探索了北美的北部地区
In 1497 the initiate Venetian explorer
1497年，威尼斯探险家
Giovanni Cobato,
乔万尼·科瓦托
better known to his British employers
他的英国雇主更出名
as John Cabot,
约翰卡波特
arrived in modern New Foundland.
到达了现在的纽芬兰
The lands that Mr. Cabato discovered
卡波特先生发现的地区
were not rich
并不富裕
but they established Britain's claim
不过他们使得英国
in North America for later on.
之后有权声称北美是英国的属地
The French were more energetic
法国人开始探险之后
once they got started.
显得更加积极
Giovanni De Verrazano,
乔万尼·德·韦拉扎诺
a native of Florence,
佛罗伦萨人
in French pay,
在法国的支持下
reached what is now North Carolina in 1524.
于1524年到达了现在的北卡罗来纳
from there he sailed
从那里出来，他到达了
to the site of the modern city of New York,
今天纽约所在的地方
unfortunately he did not stake any claims.
不幸的是，他并没有声称这块地区属于法国
In 3 expeditions between 1534 and 1542
雅克卡地亚在1534到1542年的
Jacque Cartier explored
三次探险中
the St Laurence River valley,
去了圣劳伦斯河峡谷
establishing Frances claims in North America.
为法国要求北美主权提供了依据
The first French settlers did not find
第一批到达加拿大的法国人
the future Canada very friendly.
不觉得这个地方很好
After a Quebec colony died out
在失去魁北克殖民地之后
the French tried to settle in northern Florida.
法国人试图在佛罗里达州北部定居
Once established
刚定居下来
the French Floridians were run out
住在佛罗里达的法国人就被
by the Spanish Floridians
这里的西班牙人赶走
who had been there first.
他们来得更早
Once finally established
最后建立的
France's North American empire
法国北美帝国
included the land west of the Mississippi,
包括密西西比西部的土地
later sold to the United States
之后在路易斯安纳购买案中
in the Louisiana Purchase,
卖给了美国
and north of the Great Lakes
还有五大湖北部地区
which is a territory known as Quebec.
也就是现在的魁北克地区
In 1578 Queen Elizabeth the 1st of England
1579年英国伊丽莎白一世女王派遣
sent Sir Humphrey Gilbert to colonize
汉弗莱·吉尔伯特爵士
the heathen and barbarized lands
北美野蛮荒芜的土地
in North America.
开发为殖民地
5 years later Sir Humphrey's brother in law,
5年之后，汉弗莱爵士的弟弟
Sir Walter Raleigh finally got going
瓦尔特·罗利爵士
on the mission.
终于去执行这个任务
In 1585 Raleigh founded
1585年罗利
Britain's first North American colony
在罗文橡树岛
on Rowan Oak Island.
建立了英国第一个北美殖民地
The colony failed,
这个殖民地后来失败了
not just once but twice.
而且是两次
Sweden and the Netherlands
瑞典和荷兰
also made bids for a North American empire.
也曾经试图建立自己的北美帝国
In 1624 the Dutch bought Manhattan Island
据报道 1624年，荷兰人以24美元的价格
for a reported price of $24
购买了曼哈顿岛
and they named their settlement
他们把这个地区命名为
New Amsterdam.
新阿姆斯特丹
The city was a success
这个城市很成功
but the colony was not.
但这个殖民地可不是
Neither did the Swedish attempt
瑞典人在1638年到1655
from 1638 to 1655 to found a settlement
在德拉瓦河流域建立定居点的努力
on the Delaware River.
也是如此
The Swedish wound up
瑞典最后
giving their holdings to the Dutch in 1755.
将自己的所有地于1755年给了荷兰
In 1674 the Dutch were forced to
1674年，荷兰人被迫将自己的
give their quote unquote 'American Empire'
所谓"美洲帝国"
to the British.
给了英国
Britain's North American empire
英国的北美帝国
would take longer to establish
用了很长时间才得以建立
and once it did take shape
而它刚刚成型
it would become a great problem.
就变成了一个很大的问题
Segment 2E;
第5节
conclusions most simply put
结论，简单来说
Western Europe was running out of room
西欧在1500年左右
around 1500AD.
土地变得不够用

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：