视听文本

Ivan took autocracy to an extreme.
伊凡专制到了极致。
Ivan's crimes against humanity are well known and properly reviled.
伊凡对人性犯下的罪行众人皆知，遭人唾弃。
Ivan let Russia's peasants become serfs during his reign thereby ensuring a backwardness which persists to this day.
伊凡让俄国的农民在他统治期间成了奴隶，从而使这种倒退延续至今。
His attempt to gain Russia a port city on the Baltic Sea cost many lives and accomplished nothing!
他为俄罗斯争取在波罗地海的一个港口，牺牲了很多人却终无所获！
But, on the other hand, Ivan's victories over the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates
另一方面，伊凡对喀山和阿斯特罕汗国的胜利
not only expanded Russia's eastern territories,
不仅拓展了俄国的疆域，
but established a sensible plan for assimilating these people into Russian life if not necessarily into Russian culture.
还制定了将这些人融入到俄罗斯生活的明确的计划，如果他们不能融入了俄罗斯文化的话。

Toward the end of Ivan's reign, he oversaw the exploration and conquest of Siberia
伊凡统治末期，他忽视了探索征服西伯利亚
which would provide the Russian state with unbelievable riches.
这会给俄罗斯提供难以置信的财富
Perhaps it is best to say that Ivan was Grozny in every sense, terrible, dread, and awesome, all in one!
从某种意义上说，伊凡是集残忍，恐怖，伟大于一身的格罗斯尼！
Ivan was succeeded by his simple minded son Fyodor.
伊凡之后由头脑简单的费奥多尔继位。
His youngest son Dmitry was only two years old at the time.
他最小的儿子德米特里只有两岁。
But the true power behind the throne was Fyodor's brother-in-law Boris Godunov.
其实真正的权利掌握在费奥多尔的妹夫，鲍里斯·戈杜诺夫手中。
As Fyodor's councilor, Boris Godunov followed many of Ivan's initiatives in a more pleasant way.
作为费奥多尔的参谋，鲍里斯·戈杜诺夫响应伊凡提议的方式更让人们满意。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：