视听文本

St. Basil was a wandering holy man who shoplifted every day his daily bread
圣巴西尔是一个周游四方的圣人，每天靠从商店偷面包过活，
and once even dared to rebuke Ivan himself for not paying enough attention during church.
有一次甚至敢辱骂伊凡，因为没有足够重视他。
People even said that Ivan had the architect blinded so that he would never again created anything so beautiful!
人们甚至说伊凡把建筑师眼睛弄瞎，这样就不能再创造这么美的事物了！
To this day, St. Basil's Cathedral is probably the world's most famous and familiar Russian church.
迄今圣巴西尔大教堂都是世界上最有名最为人熟知的俄罗斯教堂。
Tradition also has it that the Russian people gave Ivan the nickname Grozny, meaning the Awesome, after his victory of Kazan.
依照传统人们给伊凡绰号伊凡格罗斯尼，意思就是了不起的人，这是在战胜喀山汗国以后。

In 1558, Ivan started the Livonian War, hoping to get Russia a port on the Baltic Sea.
1558年，伊凡发动了利沃尼亚战争，希望为俄罗斯在波罗的海抢夺一个港口。
This effort bogged down into a long, bloody draw and the port in question would not be built until the time of Peter the Great.
他的努力最终结果是漫长残忍的平手，这个悬而未定的港口直到彼得大帝才建了起来。
At some point in the 1550's, Ivan began to morph, if you will, into Ivan the Terrible.
在16世纪50年代时，伊凡开始改变成伊凡雷帝。
In 1553, Ivan was deathly ill. Thinking he might die, he asked the Boyars to swear loyalty to his infant son.
1553年伊凡病入膏肓想到自己可能会死，他让波雅尔发誓对他还是婴儿的儿子效忠。
The Boyars refused no doubt recalling what a wonderful little kid Ivan himself had been.
波雅尔毫无疑问拒绝了，想到伊凡还是小孩时是多么厉害。
When Ivan recovered, he convinced himself that the Boyars had wanted him to die and put his cousin on the throne instead of him!
当伊凡身体康复后，他认为波雅尔想要他死，然后让他的堂弟即位！

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：