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In 1242, Alexander drove off an invasion by the Germanic Teutonic Knights.
1242年，亚历山大挫败了日耳曼条顿骑士团的侵略。
For all of his bravery though Alexander also knew which fights not to pick.
尽管亚历山大很勇敢，他也知道不去惹那支军团。
He would not be drawn into war with the Mongols because he thought Russ was too weak and too divided.
他不想卷入对蒙古的战争，他认为俄罗斯太弱太分散了。
For his wisdom he was awarded the Yarlik in 1252.
因为他的智慧，1252年，他被授予Yarlik称号。
Having the Yarlik allowed Alexander to call himself Grand Prince of Vladimir.
有了Yarlik称号，亚历山大被允许称呼自己为弗拉基米尔大公。
It also enabled the town of Vladimir to remain comparatively untouched by the Mongol Occupation.
也使得弗拉基米尔城保持相对完好，免于蒙古的占领。
As it turned out Alexander Nye ski was right.
最后亚历山大涅夫斯基是正确的。

Thanks to the practice of appanage Russ was in fact too weak to rise against the Mongols.
由于实行封地制度，以至于俄罗斯实力大为削弱而难以东山再起对抗蒙古。
Simply put appanage means that a principality is passed from father to eldest son.
简单说来封地就是公国由父亲传给长子。
Which with each of the other sons given appanage curved out of the principality.
而其他的儿子的封地也来自这个公国。
Usually a less important town with its surrounding area.
通常是不那么重要的城镇以及旁边的地区。
Each of these appanage Princes naturally took themselves very seriously.
每个封地王公都会认真对待。
Passed his land onto his eldest son and curved out new appanages for his younger son.
把土地传给长子，把新的封地给小点的儿子。
One result of appanage was a crazy quilt as you can see from this year map of appanage Princes who could barely pay for their own upkeep.
封地的结果就是你可以在地图上看到拼凑的封地，这些王公基本无法维持他们在生活上的开销。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集介绍如下内容：俄罗斯民族的起源、斯拉夫文化对俄罗斯的影响、俄罗斯的成长之路弗拉基米尔如何确定东正教为国教、俄国农民在各个方面的不公、蒙古统治的特点、教堂对俄国语言，民族团结发挥了重要作用。

原声视频：