视听文本

The decisions to strip the peasants of their grain came from Moscow.
剥夺掉农民的粮食的决定来自莫斯科
To Lenin the peasants, especially the better off ones or Kulaks, were all liches anyway.
对列宁来说，特别是富农们，不管怎样都是妖魔
And peasants who wanted to keep more grain than they could eat deserved death.
而那些希望保留有多过口粮粮食的农民都当受死
The decision to conscript all able-bodied males into the Read Army came from Moscow.
所有身强力壮的男性都要强制征入红军的决定也来自莫斯科
The penalty for refusal to serve was death.
拒绝入伍的惩罚便是死刑
All economic decisions, great or small, came out of Moscow and there was no appeal.
所有大大小小的经济决定来自莫斯科，没有上诉权
It's not that there wasn't friction.
并非不存在摩擦

Even the communists themselves disagreed from time to time: sometimes even Lenin had to defend himself.
甚至共产党他们自己也不时互相反对：有时甚至列宁也要为自己辩护
The Red Army commander Trotsky and the minorities common, the Nationalities Commisar Stalin already hated each other.
红军总司令托洛茨基和民族委员长斯大林已经互相憎恨对方了
But the communists always closed ranks against their enemies when the time came.
但关键时刻共产党总会停止内战一致对外
They were guided less by Marxist scripture than by the will to survive.
与其说是马克思主义箴言，不如说是生存下来的意愿在引导着他们
When the Central Committee decided in August 1918
当中央委员会于1918年8月决定
that the deposed royal family could be a rallying point for the White Russians the entire family was shot.
被废黜的皇室或许会号召俄国白军进行造反，于是整个皇室都被射杀
Later that month Lenin himself was wounded by a socialist revolutionary named Fanya Kaplan.
8月晚些时候，列宁自己被一名叫做芬雅·卡普兰的社会主义革命分子所伤
This gave Lenin's secret police, the Cheka, an excuse to eliminate droves of communist political opponents, real or perceived.
这给了列宁的秘密警察，即契卡来大批消灭共产党政治对手的理由，不管这对手是真实存在还是假想出来的

视频及简介

课程介绍:

此课程介绍了十月革命前的苏联。

原声视频：