视听文本

Later the United States had to negotiate for
后来美国还为解救人质进行过多次谈判
hostages, create a standing navy and fight wars
并设立了常规海军，在1801年和1815年
with Tripoli in 1801 and Algeria in 1815.
分别与的黎波利和阿尔及利亚开战
Increasing friction with Great Britain over
同时与英国之间在商业问题上
mostly commercial matters brought on
不断加剧的摩擦也引发了1812年

the war of 1812 yet overall Washington
美国参与的一场战争，但总的来说
practiced what he had preached. In 1793
华盛顿遵守了自己所宣扬的主张
he himself gave up the 1778 treaty with France
1793年，他主动放弃了1778年与法国
because he thought America was not strong
签订的公约，因为他认为当时的美国
enough to side with France against Britain,
还没有强大到可以与法国联合抵抗英国
Spain and Holland he was right.
西班牙和荷兰联军，他是正确的
Although his decision was hardly worthy of
尽管他的决策换回的价值甚至不如
a Virginia gentleman it was a wise and
一个普通弗吉尼亚人的价值，但是作为
necessary step for an American president to take.
一个美国总统这个决策是必要且正确的
America is very fortunate that in this and in other
美国是非常幸运的，因为在包括这个问题
matters George Washington could tell the difference.
在内的很多问题之上，华盛顿的认识都非常清晰
Segment 3E; conclusions out of many one,
第3E章，结语，第一，我们说了那么多
given the diversity of the 13 colonies governments
主要就是想说在13个殖民地政府以及
and the diversity of the people who lived there
背景各异的居民之间能够建立起
the creation of the United States was truly
美利坚合众国，这本身就是一个奇迹
a miracle. The northern and southern colonies
当时的北方和南方殖民地
were almost separate countries in their attitudes
从态度上来说跟两个国家无异
and they would turn out to be separate countries
事实上他们也差点在一个世纪之内
before the next century was over. Not everyone
就真正地分裂成两个国家，而且殖民地内
in the colonies sided with the continentals,
也不是所有的人都站在大陆军这边
Great Britain's universally shoddy treatment
法印战争之后，英国在美洲殖民地
of the colonists after the French and Indian
签署了一系列糟糕的跳跃
war helped unify the colonies as did
这对于团结殖民地起到了重要作用
the wise leadership of the delegates each colony
但我们需要认识到，各个州派往大陆会议的
sent to the continental congress. But perhaps
杰出代表对于殖民地团结也起到了重大作用
there was also a sort of will to self rule born
当然这一切都要建立在那些决议
into those who made the decision to come
移居到这片新大陆的移民们对于
here to the New World. In their sons and
自治的强烈愿望，他们的精神传到了
daughters who were actually born in the colonies
他们的儿女--那些生长在殖民地的人们身上
it became the American will to self rule.
从而形成了世代美国人寻求自治的愿望
The Sons of Liberty the colonial movement
第二，由自由之子带领的移民运动
called the Sons of Liberty wouldn't qualify
"自由之子"在现代的定义当中
as terrorists by modern definitions,
并不能被认定为恐怖行动
springing up in Boston and New York to
他们从波士顿和纽约出发抗议
protests the 1765 stamp act they caused more
1765年的《印花税法》 尽管他们造成了
nuisance than they did physical harm but
不少麻烦，却很少导致人员伤亡
the British no doubt would beg to differ.
英国当时的所作所为只会有过之而无不及
The Sons of Liberty specialized in vandalism
自由之子的作风主要是打砸抢
and in tarring and feathering British loyalists
同时他们还会朝无条件忠于英国的人
which means you basically pour hot tar
抹焦油，撒羽毛，顶多就是往他们身上
over somebody and cover them in feathers.
泼热焦油或者插羽毛
Will it kill you? No. Does it make you happy?
这会致死吗?不会，这会让你开心吗?
Doubtful. And as the movement spread through
不见得，随着这项运动推广到其他的
the colonies more violence sometimes ensued.
殖民地当中，有时候暴力也时有发生
Even after the stamp act was repealed
即便在《印花税法》被推翻之后
the movement remained as a network for
这场运动对于那些想要彻底结束
those who wanted to end British control
英国在殖民地统治的人群来说
over the colonies. Leading members of
依旧是他们诉诸的形式，自由之子的
the sons of Liberty went on to further
主要领导成员甚至还进一步
premeditated offenses against Britain.
策划过向英国挑起战争
One was Samuel Adams, now a beer but back
其中就包括塞缪尔亚当斯，现在这是一个
then the inventor of the Boston Tea Party.
啤酒品牌，但当时他可是波士顿倾茶事件的
Whether they were truly terrorists or not
发起者，他们的行为究竟算不算是
depends on ones point of view but
恐怖袭击，这都取决于个人的看法
they were certainly effective and they
但事实证明他们的行动都是有效的
certainly didn't play by the rules.
而且他们都没有按照规定行事
Thank you France, and I mean it,
第三点，要谢谢法国，我是认真的
thank you France. Had it not been for French
法国，谢谢你，如果当时没有法国的支持
assistance it's likely the American Revolution
那么很有可能我们就不会赢得
would have failed. Individual Frenchmen
美国大革命，有一些法国人
such as the Marquis De Lafayette supported
比如德拉菲特侯爵从一开始就在全力
the Americans from the start but in 1778
支持美国，到了1778年
King Louis the 16th of France made
路易16世国王更正式以法国的名义
French support official. Not that he was
向美国提供援助，他这么做虽然不是
acting out of altruism, he didn't care to be
出于利他主义，他自然无所谓自己
a nice guy, had he known that the guillotine
是不是一个好人，如果他知道15年后
was 15 years away from him he may not
等待他的将是置他于死地的断头台
have done it at all but in politics the enemy
他或许就不会这么做了，但在政治上
of your enemy is automatically your friend
你的敌人的敌人自动就会成为你的朋友
and like any good French King Louis the 16th
跟所有法国国王一样，路易16世也
hated Great Britain. France had nothing to
对英国恨之入骨，在1783年《巴黎条约》
show after the 1783 treaty of Paris except for
签订之后，法国除了一屁股债已经
a pile of debt which would later on help
什么都不剩了，这也间接成为了
contribute to the French Revolution.
引发法国大革命的导火索

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：