视听文本

In 1386, Lithuania entered into a personal union with the kingdom of Poland and reconverted back to Catholicism.
1386年，立陶宛因与波兰王国联姻，所以转回信奉天主教
The Lithuanians and their Polish allies were a constant threat to the Mongols and the Rus alike.
立陶宛人和波兰人联盟对蒙古和俄罗斯是一个持续的威胁
To add insult to injury, this joint Lithuanian-Polish Empire now controlled Kiev and its entire area, the heartland of the Rus culture.
雪上加霜的是，立陶宛波兰联合帝国现在控制基辅的整个地区——俄罗斯文化的心脏地区
Moscow was founded as a trading post on the river of the same name in 1147 A.D.
1147年，莫斯科作为贸易站点而建立
The Golden Hoard had sacked Moscow in 1238 but exerted little influence there because of Moscow's remote location.
金帐汗国在1236年洗劫了莫斯科，但却没有产生什么影响，因为莫斯科所处的位置偏远
This helped! It also helped that Moscow's princes did not tend to go appanage crazy;
也是因为这个，莫斯科的王公就没有疯狂封地
thereby keeping Muscovy in one piece.
因此莫斯科大公国保持完整

Another Muscovite strong point was the inborn sneakiness of Moscow's princes.
莫斯科大公国的另一个优势就是王公身上与生俱来的狡黠
When Prince Ivan the First "Moneybags" ruled, 1325-1341,
钱袋伊凡一世1325年到1341年在位，
got the yarlyk, and became the Golden Hoard's tax collector,
获得了yarlik权，成为金帐汗国的征税人
he added to his personal income by overtaxing everyone else, especially those neighbors whose land he wanted.
他通过加大税收，尤其是他想获得的邻国的土地的税收，来增加自己的收入
Ivan "Moneybags" also enticed the Russian Orthodox Church to set up its headquarters in Moscow.
钱袋伊凡诱使俄罗斯东正教在莫斯科建立自己的总部
Thereby giving Moscow even more prestige.
因此莫斯科获得更高的威望

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：