视听文本

Ivan's brothers tried to horn in on the heritage,
伊凡的兄弟在遗产上插手，
but Ivan the Third had learned from his father's adventures and he suppressed his brothers ruthlessly.
但是伊凡三世从他父亲身上学到很多，他无情地镇压了兄弟。
In 1471, Ivan the Third fought a war with the Republic of Novgorod
1471年，伊凡三世发动了对抗诺夫哥罗德共和国的战争
because Novgorod had allied themselves with the heathen Roman Catholic Polls.
因为诺夫哥罗德与异教罗马天主民意调查委员会结盟
After another war in 1477, Ivan the Third annexed Novgorod once and for all.
1477年另外一场战争伊凡三世一举吞并了诺夫哥罗德，
He exiled many of Great Novgorod's leading family starting up a practice of ethnic cleansing which would continue for centuries!
他流放了很多大诺夫哥罗德显赫的家庭，开始实行民族清洗并持续了几个世纪！
And he also nipped in the bud the fragile flame of Russian democracy.
他也熄灭了俄罗斯民主的火焰。

The most important event of Ivan the Third's reign was his formal refusal in 1480 to pay any more tribute to the Golden Hoard
伊凡三世在位时最重要的事件就是1480年他正式拒绝给金帐汗国贡品
which was by now just a loose alliance of smaller hoards.
金帐汗国那时只是几个较小部队松散的联盟。
The Golden Hoard's last Khan Ahmed made a token attempt to make Ivan the Third pay the tribute.
金帐汗国最后一个可汗是阿合马，象征性的尝试让伊凡三世进贡。
But their two armies just camped opposite each other until winter came.
但是他们两支军队只是对阵扎营，一直到冬天到来，
When winter came, both sides went home.
然后双方各自回家。
Although Ivan the Third's glorious defeat of the Golden Hoard was dually commemorated with paintings and sculptures and medals and poems and music,
尽管伊凡三世打败金帐汗国，双方都有留下绘画雕塑奖牌诗歌和音乐，
the Mongol occupation actually ended not with a bang but with a whimper.
蒙古的占领并不是轰然倒塌而是慢慢瓦解。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：