视听文本

On the other hand, Ivan the Third made drastic and genuine changes to the Russian state itself.
另一方面，伊凡三世使俄罗斯自身作出了巨大的改变。
Ivan was ably assisted by his second wife, the Byzantine Princess Zoe Palaiologina, who took the Orthodox name of Sophia.
伊凡在他第二任妻子拜占庭公主佐伊帕列奥罗格的帮助下，她的正教名字是索菲亚。
Their marriage in 1469 marked the conversion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow into the Russian Empire.
他们在1469年的婚姻标志着莫斯科大公国转变成为俄罗斯帝国。
Under Sophia's influence, Ivan the Third imported Byzantine artists and architects to make his capital a worthy Third Rome,
在索菲亚的影响下，伊凡三世引进拜占庭的艺术家和建筑师，使首都成为货真价实的第三罗马，
by building such masterpieces as Assumption Cathedral.
通过建造圣母升天大教堂这样的杰作。
He also adopted elements of Byzantine iconography, such as the double headed eagle,
他还采用拜占庭圣像画的元素——比如双头鹰，

along with Byzantine rituals dating back to the old Roman emperor Diocletian.
还有可以追溯到古罗马皇帝戴克里先的拜占庭的仪式。
Finally, Ivan the Third starting referring to himself from time to time as Tsar or Ceasar,
最后，伊凡三世偶尔称自己为沙皇或者凯撒，
a term Russians had previously reserved either for the Byzantine Emperor or the Khan of the Golden Hoard.
之前人们只用于拜占庭皇帝或是金帐汗国的可汗
Accordingly, Ivan the Third ruled in a strictly autocratic fashion.
相应地，伊凡三世治理国家的方式是严格地专制，
He refused to take advise from his Boyars or nobles.
他不采取波雅尔和贵族的建议，
On the other hand, he was very concerned with the rule of law.
另一方面，他很关心法律的制定。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：