视听文本

On the western border, Russia participated in the three, count them three, partitions of Poland: 1772, 1793, and 1795.
在西部边界，俄罗斯参与了波兰的三次瓜分，分别在1772，1793和1795年
Basically, the weakened Polish nation stood as a useful buffer between Prussia, Austria, and Russia.
基本上，被削弱的波兰是普鲁士，奥地利，和俄国之间的缓冲区
But Russia feared the Poles would go over to the Austrians or the Prussians.
但是俄国担心波兰人会去向奥地利人和普鲁士人求援
The Austrians were afraid that the Poles, well, you get the picture!
而奥地利人则担心波兰人会，你们懂的
Yet, each state's Polish minority would cause constant headaches, and the Russians, I believe, suffered the worst ones of all.
但是，每个国家里的波兰少数民族都会是持久的麻烦的，而俄国人，我相信，对这一点感受最深
Russian Poland was an exceedingly mixed blessing.
俄国的波兰人对俄国来说既是福又是祸

Catherine was very active on the domestic front.
凯瑟琳在内政领域非常活跃
She restructured the Russian state, dividing her empire into a new system of provinces and regions.
她重新组织了俄国的国家结构，把帝国划分为新的省和地区
She awarded new rights to the nobility, which had primary responsibility for governing those provinces and regions.
授予贵族新的特权，他们对这些新划分的省和地区有直接统治权
In fact, Catherine not only required Russia's peasants to fight in her wars,
实际上，凯瑟琳不仅要求俄国农民为她战斗
but she required them to pay for the wars through increasingly heavy taxation.
而且还要求他们通过上交不断增加的税收支付战争开销
One consequence was the Pugachev Rebellion of 1773-74.
这导致的结果之一就是1773到74年的普加乔夫起义

视频及简介

课程介绍:

各部分内容简介，凯瑟琳大帝的统治，亚历山大一世对拿破仑的战争，尼古拉一世的独裁统治；各部分总结。

原声视频：