视听文本

Had everything worked out as Alexander the Second planned, the now happy peasants would become prosperous
如果事事都像亚历山大二世计划的那样发生那么农民就会兴旺发达
while the landowners worked with them and helped them better their land and better their farming techniques.
而地主可以通过雇佣他们劳动来改善土地质量同时也使他们的农耕技能得到磨练
This is exactly how it didn't work!
而一切却恰恰并没有这样发生
The peasants bitterly resented not being given the land outright.
农民痛恨没有直接将土地授予他们
The landowners found it more profitable to mortgage or sell their lands outright than farm them with free labor.
地主发现，通过让他们赎买土地或者购买土地要比雇佣自由劳动力耕种土地要获利更多
A few aggressive peasants who became well-off as a result of the emancipation became known as Cullacks, or Fists.
一少部分有进取心的通过自由解放而过上了小康生活的农民被称作Cullack或者拳头

But otherwise Alexander's Grand Reform accomplished oppressingly little besides earning him the title Tsar Liberator.
但是亚历山大的宏伟改革除了给他自己赢得了解放者的美名外，在其他方面收效甚微
Alexander the Second's other initiatives were also a mixed bag.
亚历山大二世的其他改革也是好坏参半的
He sold Alaska to the United States in 1867 but he completed Russia's conquest of Central Asia.
他在1867年把阿拉斯加卖给了美国，但是却终结了俄国对中亚的征服
He promoted more local self-government for both the rural regions and the large cities which made the government less dependent on the nobility.
他在农村地区和大城市都设立了很多的自治政府，这就使得政府对贵族的依赖性变少了
He reformed the army and navy which had faltered so terribly in the Crimean War.
他改革了在克里米亚战争中深受打击的陆军和海军
He imposed a new and more modern penal code along with a streamlined trial system.
他实施了全新的也是更加现代化的惩罚体系和更加流水线化的审判体系
On the other hand, he was just as determined as his father had been to make Russians out of all the Empire's non-Russians.
另一方面，他跟他的父亲在将俄罗斯民族同非俄罗斯民族区分开来这一方面如出一辙

视频及简介

课程介绍:

简述各小节内容，亚历山大二世的统治，尼古拉二世的统治，俄国参加一战及其影响，结语。

原声视频：