视听文本

The French and Indian war, 1754 to 1763,
1754年到1763年间的法印战争
is thought of in Europe as part of the massive
在欧洲一直被称为7年战争
7 years war, that doesn't concern us here.
但在这里这并不是我们的关注点
To the British colonists it was a grim struggle
对英国殖民者来说，这只是一场与

against the French Army and its Indian allies.
法军和他们的印第安盟军之间的恶战
In 1752 the French wanted to drive the British
1752年，法军企图在不发动战争的
out of the Ohio River valley without a war
情况下把英国人从俄亥俄河谷中
if possible. They hoped that building 2 French forts
驱逐出去，他们认为在那里建起两座
at strategic locations would scare the British out.
法属堡垒要塞就会吓跑当地的英国人
In response the governor of Virginia which
作为回应，当时坐拥俄亥俄地区的
claimed much of the Ohio territory sent
弗吉尼亚州长只是派遣了一位
a young Colonel, George Washington,
年轻的上校，乔治华盛顿去给法方
with a letter requesting that the French remove
送信要求法军撤离他们的堡垒要塞
their forts. When the French refused Washington
在法方拒绝之后，华盛顿立即着手在那里
started building a fort himself, Fort Prince George,
建立了一个名为乔治王子堡垒的要塞
it is on the site of the modern day Pittsburg,
也就是现在宾夕法尼亚州的
Pennsylvania. But before Washington could
匹兹堡所在，但是在华盛顿完全建好
finish building his fort the French took it,
该堡垒之前，法军就已经将其占领
finished it, and named it Fort Ducane.
完成并命名为杜肯堡
In 1754 the British sent an expeditionary force
1754年英国人曾经指派过一支征军
to take Fort Ducane back. Washington was 2nd
想要夺回杜肯堡，而华盛顿当时作为殖民地居民
in command as he was a mere colonial.
只是在行动中担任了二等指挥官
Washington's part of the force skirmished
华盛顿的军力在中部平原
with the French near Great Meadows,
宾西法尼亚附近与法国军队交火
Pennsylvania and on July 4th, 1754 they were forced
1754年7月4日他们被迫投降
to surrender. The French and Indian war had begun.
而后法印战争打响
The French had large forces of well trained
法国派出了大量训练有素的
regular soldiers scattered throughout their
常规作战部队，分散在美洲新世界的
New World territories. Since the English could
各个地区，而英国由于只派出了
spare only a few regular troops the colonists
很少的常规部队，因此殖民地居民
wound up doing more than their share of
就不得不投入更多的力量来
the fighting. On February 10th, 1763 the 7 years war
抵抗法军 1763年2月10日
was ended by the treaty of Paris.
《巴黎条约》标志着七年战争的结束
In the New World France gave up all of Canada
法国将其在美洲大陆加拿大境内的
to the British and they gave up the Louisiana
所有殖民地都让给了英国，并把路易斯安那
territory to Spain. The British also got Florida
让给了西班牙，同时英国还从西班牙那里
from the Spanish. Great Britain won the war
得到了佛罗里达，也就是说英国赢下了战争
hands down but the colonists had nothing
但是殖民地居民却没有得到与他们
to show for the important role they played.
战时的付出成比例的回报
Instead they got more British troops shipped in
相反，英国反而派出了更多的部队
in order to quote unquote 'protect them'
来"保护"他们不受印第安人的
from the nasty Indians. To help pay for this
攻击，为了给这种不必要的安保出兵
unwanted security the British raises taxes
筹措资金，英国还提高了殖民地居民的
upon the colonists. The colonists had lived in
纳税比率，因此尽管这些殖民者来自
13 separate colonies but the anger against
13个不同的殖民州，但是对英国
the British for raising taxes started to build
加税的愤怒却在这些州之间建立起了
a common continental or colonial or American
一种相同的大陆共识，或是殖民美国共识
point of view. In 50 years time the French and
在此之后50年，过去常年开战的
English settlers of the Ohio River valley
俄亥俄河谷英国移民和
who had been fighting each other in the war
法国移民都拥有了一个新的值得
would all be Americans and proud of it.
他们骄傲的身份，那就是美国人
The British would be all gone.
而英国人则会成为过去时
Segment 3C; revolution in the air
第3C章，一触即发的革命讲到
when the French and Indian war ended in 1763
当1763年法印战争结束之后
the big winner was Great Britain.
实际上最大的赢家应该是英国
The French had been kicked entirely out of
法国的殖民统治从此就在整个
North America and the Spanish were pushed
北美大陆都消失了，而西班牙也
back behind the Mississippi River but now
被迫退到了密西西比河岸，但英国在
Britain had problems with their own colonists.
自己的殖民地中也面临着不少问题
The colonists had done more than their share
移民者在法印战争中付出了
of the fighting in the French and Indian war
超额的努力抗击敌军
and they felt that they had earned more of
他们认为这样能够帮助他们在政府中
a say in their government. They didn't appreciate
赢得更多的权威和声音，因此他们对
the extra taxes. Several of these colonies
额外的税赋很不满，其中有几个殖民地
claimed territory all the way through
坐拥的土地此时已经延伸到了
to the Mississippi River. They wanted
密西西比河沿岸，而他们希望能够
these claims recognized. The British, however,
他们对这些领土的掌控能够得到认可
didn't want their colonists doing any freelance
但英国当然不愿意被他们的殖民者
colonizing. In 1763 the British gave out
这样自由地殖民，因此1763年英国
a royal proclamation which tried to retain control
发表了一份皇室宣言，企图夺回他们
over the interior of North America.
在北美中部的掌控权

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：