视听文本

Many prominent Germans noticing Russia's growing industrial might
很多显赫的德国人都注意到了俄国不断开展的工业化
Feared what a stabilized, modernized Russia could do to Germany, economically and militarily.
他们担心一个稳定的、现代化的俄国会在经济上和军事上对德国造成威胁
They advised preemptive action against Russia.
他们建议对俄国采取先发制人的手段
Analysis of the First World War's causes will go on forever, but it's hard to see how anyone could stop it.
对第一次世界大战原因的分析会不停进行下去，但是似乎没人能阻止
Russians would never stand for their fellow Orthodox Slavs getting steamrollered in Serbia.
俄国人绝不会容忍他们的同道斯拉夫人在塞尔维亚被压制
As it was, Russians from all walks of life including Socialists, supported Nicholas' decision to fight, at least for the time being.
俄罗斯各行各业的人，包括社会主义者都支持尼古拉的作战决定，至少是暂时地支持
The name of St. Petersburg sounded too German, actually, it was Dutch, so the capital was renamed Petrograd.
圣彼得堡的名字听起来太像德文了，其实那是荷兰文，所以首都该名为彼得格勒

Almost immediately the disasters started rolling in.
紧接其后灾难就来了
In August, two massive Russian invasion armies were cut to bits and sent running back toward the border.
八月份，两股俄国侵略军遭受了毁灭性打击，并被送回边界
And from that point on, Russia would be on the defensive.
从那时起，俄国就处于守势了
Eventually 15 million Russians served in the war.
总共有一千五百万俄国人在战争中服了兵役
And the number of Russian family members affected can only be guessed at.
受到战争影响的俄罗斯家庭的数量只能大概估算了
With few exceptions, the Russian army was led by noble dimwits more concerned with court politics than with the laws of modern warfare.
除了少数人之外，俄国军队是被一帮只懂得宫廷权术的贵族傻瓜带领的，对作战技巧一窍不通
Russian tactics consisted of sending waves upon waves of soldiers into German and Austrian machine gun fire.
俄国的策略就是把一批批的士兵迎着俄国和奥地利的炮火送到战场去

视频及简介

课程介绍:

简述各小节内容，亚历山大二世的统治，尼古拉二世的统治，俄国参加一战及其影响，结语。

原声视频：