视听文本

Between 1830 and 1840
1830年到1840年间
over 70,000 Native Americans were driven west
超过7万印第安土著因为
thanks to the Indian Removal Act.
印第安人迁移法被迫西迁
Yet the United States did not reserve
但是美国政府并没有
this treatment for Indians.
撤销这项政策
A fascinating side light of American history
美国历史的另一个侧面
is the so-called Mormon Trek
就是始于1847年的
which began in 1847.
摩门教徒大迁徙

The Mormons were threatened by
当时摩门教徒受到了
religious intolerance in the Midwest,
中西部的宗教迫害
individual Mormons were murdered in Illinois
很多摩门教徒在伊利诺伊州被杀害
and Governor Boggs of Missouri
密苏里州的州长博格斯
had even called in 1838 for the extermination
甚至在1838年呼吁
of all Mormons in Missouri.
消灭密苏里所有的摩门教徒
Consequently more than 70,000 Mormons
结果超过7万摩门教徒
walked or rode in wagons
步行或推着小车
to their new homeland in the Utah territory.
逃往他们在犹他州的新家
There, unlike the Indians,
在那里，与印第安人不同
the Mormons were left alone by the US government
摩门教徒不再受到美国政府的干涉
and were allowed to become
而且也被允许
a full part of the United States people,
成为真正意义上的美国公民
no doubt because they were white and spoke English.
当然，因为他们都是白人而且说英语
The forced relocation of Indians and Mormons
印第安土著和摩门教徒的被迫迁徙
is an example of what is now called ethnic cleansing.
就是种族清洗的一个例子
A group of people whose presence
一些不受到政府
is undesirable to the government
欢迎的人群
is moved out with force if need be.
就会被迫被迁出
Ethnic cleansing has gone on
种族清洗这一手段
since the dawn of civilization.
从文明初始就出现了
It goes on to this day around the world.
直到今天依然存在
Relocation of the Indians and the Mormons
印第安人和摩门教徒的迁移
would not be the last time
并不是美国最后一次
the US practiced ethnic cleansing.
进行种族清洗
When the Indian Removal Act was signed in 1830
1830年印第安人迁移法签署的时候
most Americans never dreamed that
大多数美国人从未想过
the United States would ever extend
美国能够扩张到
too far west of the Mississippi.
密西西比河以西
The one exception was Missouri
一个例外就是密苏里
which entered the Union in 1821
它是1821年才加入联邦的
but was settled by whites
但是大量白人迁往定居
mainly along the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.
主要居住在密西西比河和密苏里河沿岸
The government promised the Indians
政府承诺印第安人
they could keep their new land
他们会保护他们的新家园
as long as grass shall grow and rivers shall run.
只要那里的草还生长，河流还流动
But after the Civil War
但是南北战争之后
the US again resorted to ethnic cleansing
美国又恢复了种族清洗
to run the Indian tribes
把印第安人部落
off their reservations or their native lands.
从他们原本的家园驱逐出去
The Sioux and Cheyenne managed a victory
苏人和夏安族人
over the US Army
成功在1876年的小大角战役中
at the 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn.
战胜了美国军队
But in the long run
但是从长远来看
the United States forces were too well equipped
美国政府的力量太过强大
and too determined to take the land by any means.
并且一心要拿下那些土地
If there was any land anywhere
如果有任何一片土地
that white people wanted for any reason
受到了白人的觊觎
the Indians were driven off.
印第安人必将受到驱逐
By 1906 most of the tribes that had been moved
到1906年，大部分的部落都迁到了
west of the Mississippi were forced to move again
密西西比以西
thanks to another round of shameful wars
后来由于另一轮战争
and deceitful treaties.
和令人蒙羞的条约又被迫再度迁移
Segment 4e: Conclusions.
章节4e 结语
One, Palacipia here we come.
一，我们来到了Palacipia
Not all of Thomas Jefferson's ideas
并不是所有托马斯·杰斐逊的决策
were brilliant.
都是正确的
In 1784 a committee chaired by Thomas Jefferson
1784年杰斐逊主持的一个委员会
presented its recommendations
呈交了一份建议书
for dividing and governing the Northwest Territory.
建议划分和治理西北地区
The government part of
建议书有关于
the committee's recommendations were acceptable
治理的部分被采用了
and they later formed
后来便成为了
the basis for the Northwest Ordinance.
西北法令的基础
Good work Tom.
干得漂亮，汤姆
But the recommendation for creating
但是关于在西北地区
10 new states out of the Northwest Territory
划分出10个新州的建议
was not acceptable.
并没有被采纳
You can see a map here, right,
你们可以看到这里有一幅地图
superimposed right over me.
完全叠加在我身上了
The mere names of the states themselves
光看这些州的名字
are worth the price of admission.
还是值得承认的
Some of these names made sense;
其中一些名字还是挺像那么回事的
Michigania, Illinoia and even Washington.
密歇根州，伊利诺伊州和华盛顿

视频及简介

课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。

原声视频：