视听文本

Let alone pay their taxes to the Khan at Sarai.
更不要说给可汗支付税收了。
In many cases Princes transferred their land to the Russian Orthodox Church.
很多情况下，王公会把他们的土地转给俄罗斯的天主教堂。
In order to keep from paying taxes altogether.
为了免于缴纳税收。
Following the Mongol principle of divide and conquer the Golden Horde was happy to watch the Princes bicker and fight with each other.
遵守蒙古分而治之的策略，金帐汗国乐意看到王公们互相争吵和争斗。
Even if it made the Orthodox Church even stronger as a major landholder.
即使这使东正教堂成了更强大的主要的土地拥有者。
And as the Mongol Empire started to fall apart, the future began to look bright for a certain Russian principality.
当蒙古国开始分崩离析的时候，未来对于某些俄罗斯的公国来说越发明朗起来。
Which could keep from being chopped to bits through the appanage process.
可以免于通过封地这一过程而四分五裂。

And down by the river the Moscow river such a principality was being established.
莫斯科河下游的一个公国就建立起来了。
Segment 16E, Conclusions.
16节E 总结。
One no boundaries, the most noticeable thing is that Russia even in its earliest days was a land with no natural defensible frontiers.
第一就是没有边界，最显着的事情就是俄罗斯在早期时候就是一块土地
This is strange to us, the Roman Empire and the United States both started out with natural defensible frontiers.
这对于我们来说有点怪，罗马帝国和美国开始都有天然的防卫边界。
The original home of the Romans is bounded by the Apennine Mountains bounded by the Apennine Mountains, to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the West.
罗马人最开始的家是边缘被亚平宁山脉环绕的——从其东部一直延伸到地中海以西。
As Rome became a world power its home that is to say the Italian Peninsula was bounded on the north by the Alps and by the sea everywhere else.
随着罗马成为世界大国，它的家也就是意大利半岛北疆是阿尔卑斯山脉，其它边界则被大海围绕。

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集介绍如下内容：俄罗斯民族的起源、斯拉夫文化对俄罗斯的影响、俄罗斯的成长之路弗拉基米尔如何确定东正教为国教、俄国农民在各个方面的不公、蒙古统治的特点、教堂对俄国语言，民族团结发挥了重要作用。

原声视频：