视听文本

Despite his miserable, tormented childhood,
虽然他的童年悲惨痛苦
there were positive achievements early in Ivan's reign including Russia's first Zemsky Sobor, or Council of the People.
他仍然在统治期间取得了积极的成就，包括俄罗斯第一个缙绅会议——人民委员会
Early on, Ivan won two wars over the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates making Russia a multinational empire with religious tolerance.
伊凡在两场战争中打败了喀山和阿斯特拉罕汗国，使俄罗斯成为一个横跨多个国家的帝国具有宗教宽容性
But then he descended into madness.
但是那时他却疯了
The most outstanding product of his madness was the creation of a police state called the Oprichnina
最突出的结果就是创建了一个警卫州——叫做沙皇禁苑
ruled by Ivan's bloody henchmen called the Oprichniks.
由伊凡的亲信管理称为沙皇骑士
His attempts to win Russia a window on the Baltic Sea were a bloody and costly failure.
他为国家打开波罗的海贸易窗口的做法很残忍且付出了巨大的代价

Ivan created the Russian Empire and he almost destroyed it.
伊凡创造了俄罗斯帝国，他又几乎也毁了它
In Segment 17d: Time of Troubles,
17节D：混乱时期
Russia wallows in the aftermath of Ivan the Terrible's highly mixed reign.
在伊凡雷帝高度复杂的统治之后的一段时期俄罗斯一路跌跌撞撞
This time is often known as the Time of Troubles.
这个时期被称作混乱时期
Exhausted psychically and physically from Ivan's internal and external works,
因伊凡的对内对外政策
the Russian people survives three false Dmitries,
而身心俱疲的俄国人民经历了三任伪德米特里的统治，
two foreign invasions which happened at the same time no less, and the famous Boris Godunov.
两次外国入侵都发生在这一时期，还有著名的鲍里斯戈都诺夫
One might think of the Time of Troubles as a Russian national gut check, not unlike the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century A.D.
人们会认为混乱时代是俄国的一次考验，就像三世纪的罗马帝国危机

视频及简介

课程介绍:

本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。

原声视频：