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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Annie Sneed.
Solar. Wind. Hydropower. These renewable energy sources are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels, right? Well, yes for wind and solar. But it turns out that the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think.
A new study by the Environmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts of 1,500 hydropower facilities across the globe. That accounts for about half of hydropower generation worldwide. The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they investigated all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gas emissions.
"There are so many factors that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower—but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used for the hydropower generation."
Ilissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation decays, it releases methane or CO2.

"The larger the surface area of the reservoir, the more greenhouse gases are going to be emitted from that reservoir. Also, the temperature plays a role as well—how warm the reservoir is will affect how much greenhouse gases are produced and emitted from the reservoir."
Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower run the gamut. The good news is that some facilities perform just as well as wind and solar. But shockingly, more than 100 facilities are actually worse for the climate than fossil fuels. The study is in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
This finding doesn't mean we should forget about hydropower.
"But we just need to be careful to make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lot of situations where hydropower can be on par with wind and solar. So it really depends on the specific facility."
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Annie Sneed.

参考译文

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是安妮·斯尼德x]n;[l*.Kf*lr1mz6UAk。
太阳能发电jWxe3cXdbUK4;I+jv+。风能发电L!6_!rs*2#8&4%jh&w。水力发电.HQKLN9E*DxQ5fV;|4q#。相比化石燃料，这些可再生能源都要更有利于气候，对吧？嗯，风能和太阳能确实如此0]]cVbuHHq。但事实证明，水力发电的情况比我们想象的要复杂6|8QKfbxSJ5XY~V。
美国环保协会的一项新研究分析了全球1500座水电设施产生的气候影响#2E(bv~n8]SOy,bE=。这些设施的发电量大约占到全球水力发电总量的一半aFyl+8%;%IXF。研究人员的观察重点是：这些设施相当于温室气体汇还是温室气体源GHXvS0b|g3P^。为了找出答案，他们调查了有助于确定水电设施温室气体排放量的所有不同因素O;=Jf76Or,Vc|FU。
“导致水力发电排放温室气体的因素非常多，但基本上来说，大部分温室气体排放源于水库本身，因为植被和土壤淹没于水电大坝的水下2+gJRMi!Ye,!%#iy~。”
美国环保协会的气候高级科学家伊利莎·奥克说到;|k4KM3mY,!。水下植被腐烂后，会释放出甲烷或二氧化碳S#t)s2BL@fZ!|K。
“水库的表面积越大，排放的温室气体就越多f,ru|oP.)h2b|1+v。此外，温度也会产生作用，水库的温度会影响温室气体的产生量和排放量XZH7~.RJfxqb;]r=j。”
通过分析，奥克及其合著者——同样来自美国环保协会的史蒂芬·汉堡发现，水力发电会在各个方面产生气候影响]Ir]yJ+KG+D_LgR0m。好消息是，一些水力发电设施的表现与风能和太阳能一样好9-|nrmzoe!kxDc。但令人震惊的是，有100多座设施对气候的影响比化石燃料还要严重^4uv|-][x#BOAL](T^%;。这项研究发表在《环境科学与技术》期刊上8xBmeVTS(PD。
这一研究结果并不意味着我们应该放弃水力发电.((+ZYrJg|1!*(BTTz&。
“我们只要小心谨慎，确保我们获得气候效益就行&o321WT(sc~r2Ol!tN。在很多情况下，水力发电能与风能和太阳能不相上下JJqrwe#7*j_O6。因此，水力发电的环保情况因具体设施而异R8hu~6W+^5-A。”
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学W#+3tCtU(IE=w。我是安妮·斯尼德(1@6S[m3QsZKe#FO0。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！

重点讲解

重点讲解：
1. contribute to 促成；促使；是导致…的原因之一；
The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.
报告说两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生y3k!ENCtc|oI。
2. arise from （由…）产生，引起；
Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题cJCihsEk.*.J2#5Q_。
3. run the gamut 涉及…的全部范围；
The show runs the gamut of 20th century design.
展览涵盖20世纪的各种设计6=F&z0o#ll9%。
4. on par with 与…同样好（或坏、重要等）；不相上下；伯仲之间；
Elephants are thus on par with apes for fast learning of deliberate cooperation with a partner.
所以，大象通过思考进行合作的快速学习能力可以与猿类相媲美ltxDLZ,&Y^&n*PrEINJD。